PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology

Peace Building and Resilience Strategies for Cultural Rejuvenation: An Integrated Approach for Countering Religious Violent Extremism in Pakistan

Dr. Umbreen Javaid — 2023-05-12

EDUCATIONAL IMPACT OF THE GENDER RELATED PROVERBS ON THE LIFE OF PASHTUN WOMAN

Neelam Farid — 2023-05-12

MATHEMATICAL THINKING SKILLS LEVEL AMONG INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Haya Mohammad H. Albaqawi — 2023-05-15

The current study aims to reveal the level of the second intermediate grade students' possession of mathematical thinking skills. The descriptive approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. A test that measures mathematical thinking skills was prepared and applied to 500 female students in public schools in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia. The results of the study showed that the participants had a low level of mathematical thinking skills, which the order of which was as follows: the skill of visual-spatial perception, followed by the skill of symbolic expression, and finally the skill of logical thinking. The study recommended the necessity of spreading awareness of the importance of mathematical thinking skills in teaching mathematics, adopting educational programs that contribute to the development of mathematical thinking skills among female students, and highlighting the importance of including mathematical thinking skills in the curriculum for those in charge of preparing mathematics curricula.

PERCEPTIONS OF POSTGRADUATE URDU LITERATURE STUDENTS LEARNING STRATEGIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE

Dr. Almas Khanum — 2023-05-15

Sadaf Afreen — 2023-05-16

Breya — 2023-05-16

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATING ICT IN UNIVERSITY-LEVEL CLASSROOMS: A CASE STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY

Syed Ghazanfer Abbas — 2023-05-19

The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become one of the most emerging areas discussed by the researchers and the scholars, especially its integration with classroom teaching during the last three decades. The main purpose of this study was to explore the Integration of ICT in the classroom practices. The objective of the study was: to explore the problems to the integration of ICT in the classroom. Population of the study consisted of all teachers (75) during the year 2020-2021 from the Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad. Universal sampling technique was used in the selection of sample. Self structured Questionnaire was used a research tool. Data were collected with five-point Likert Scale. The major findings of the study were, Due to shortage of time and huge work load they are not able to feedback timely. There is a variation in the identification of the problems confronted by teachers during the use of these technologies. Sequence wise problems to uptake ICTs among teachers are; lack of interest, electric fluctuation, High cost prices of the technologies, lack of training, shortage of time, huge work load, and low quality internet connectivity, lack of knowledge. Continuous seminars and workshops for the training of teachers may be developed and launched so that teachers may update them according to the current advances in the field of ICTs.

Dr. Manzoor Raza — 2023-05-19

Abdul Waseh Khan — 2023-05-19

A STUDY OF THE VICTIM BLAMING

Khan Umer M. Muhammad — 2023-05-21

On this topic, different researchers/Authors have published various articles to explain the issue of Victim-blaming. Blaming the victim in cases of sexual violence may be a worldwide wonder, but it is especially endemic in patrilineal social orders. Victims of rape are extraordinarily helpless for being faulted for their assault relative to victims of other interpersonal violations and in this way number of research have been conducted to get why this is often the case. It is Qualitative research, every information is explored from the Internet, by going through different research articles and, also by reading different newspaper articles published on this topic. The scope of my research is that accusing victims of any age group or gender for provoking abuse is not acceptable.

IMPACT OF RUSSIA- UKRAINE WAR ON CENTRAL ASIA AND THE FUTURE GEOPOLITICAL SCENARIO OF THE WORLD

Dr. Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri — 2023-05-21

The Russian attack on Ukraine was the first significant conflict in Europe since World War II. The conflict is still ongoing, and a terrible geopolitical drama is being played out in front of the globe. The disagreement between NATO and Russia's competing geopolitical objectives is the fundamental cause of this issue. As a result, tensions between the West and Russia on the international stage have increased. As a result, people fear the New Cold War will start again. How the conflict-affected world politics would also depend on how big a win or defeat was. However, this war would've had severe consequences for the entire world and Ukraine and Russia. As the world has viewed the situation in Ukraine with worry, shock, and terror, the attack has shaken the pillars of our worldwide peace and security system. It triggered a major humanitarian disaster along with a devastating impact on a global financial system that was already fragile. The shared expectation and main concern are the safety of those who would suffer instant harm along with the immediate restoration of harmony and safety measures. Furthermore, sanctions are expected to continue to be implemented because there is unlikely to be any significant political or strategic de-escalation in the foreseeable future. Although the world is dealing with other security crises, the crisis in Ukraine is the most serious because of its profound impact on security and prosperity worldwide. The recent Russian invasion of Ukraine is examined geopolitically in this study. It assesses the origins of conflict and offers a forecast of the outcomes.

SHRINES: AN IMPORTANT CREATIVE IMPULSE OF IQBAL'S POETRY

Dr. Tariq Mahmood Hashmi — 2023-05-21

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: MAIN OBSTACLES AND COUNTERMEASURES OF IMPLEMENTING IN PAKISTAN

Minghai Yang — 2023-05-21

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a popular management approach used by organizations to improve their processes, products, and services. However, implementing TQM in Pakistan has been a challenge due to various obstacles. This case study aims to identify the main obstacles and suggest countermeasures for implementing TQM in Pakistan.

The study used a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and document analysis, to collect data from 10 organizations in different sectors, such as manufacturing, services, and non-profit. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and thematic analysis.

The study found that the main obstacles to TQM implementation in Pakistan are a lack of top management commitment, inadequate training and development, inadequate resources, and resistance to change. The study recommends countermeasures such as developing a culture of quality, providing adequate training and development programs, allocating sufficient resources, and involving employees in the TQM implementation process.

The findings of this study provide valuable insights for organizations in Pakistan that are planning to implement TQM or are currently facing challenges during TQM implementation. The mixed-methods approach used in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with TQM implementation in the Pakistani context.

Overall, this study highlights the importance of overcoming obstacles to TQM implementation in Pakistan to improve organizational processes, products, and services. By addressing the challenges and implementing the suggested countermeasures, organizations in Pakistan can successfully implement TQM and achieve their quality goals.

INFLUENCE OF CAFFEINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Badar Mohy ud Din — 2023-05-21

THE ROLE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF PAKISTANI WOMEN IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE

Dr. Arooj Zeb — 2023-05-21

The purpose of this study is to explore the demographic factors that influence the success of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The study aims to identify the impact of age and education level on the entrepreneurial performance of women entrepreneurs. The research instrument used in this study is a survey questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of 254 women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The population of this study comprises women entrepreneurs who are running their own ventures in various sectors of the economy. Comparative analyses were done on the data. The results show that women entrepreneurs who are relatively younger in age are more motivated, initiative, and productive to achieve targets related to entrepreneurial matters. Moreover, the study found that educated women entrepreneurs are more likely to succeed and enjoy more success than uneducated ones. Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations are provided for policymakers, government agencies, and other stakeholders. Firstly, policymakers should focus on creating an enabling environment for women entrepreneurs by providing them with access to finance, training, and other necessary resources. Secondly, government agencies should develop programs and policies that specifically target women entrepreneurs and address the challenges they face in starting and running their own ventures. Thirdly, the education system should be reformed to provide women entrepreneurs with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in their ventures. Finally, further research is needed to explore other demographic factors that may influence the success of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan.

IMPACT OF STUDY HABITS ON PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL IN DERA GHAZI KHAN, PAKISTAN; COMPARATIVE STUDY

Sahira Ahmed — 2023-05-22

It is said that study habits reflect the behavior of learners. In the educational span the students could not progress without good study habits. Therefore, this research study examined the comparative study of impact of study habits on performance of students at undergraduate level in Dera Ghazi Khan; Pakistan. Two null hypotheses were formulated for this research. This research was descriptive in nature and survey method was used for data collection. The sample was selected 300 out of 1500 students of BS Chemistry of university of Education, Lahore (Campus Dera Ghazi Khan) for data collection. . Chi square, t-test, Mean, Standard Deviation were used for data analysis. The finding of the study explored that there is significant relationship between study habits and performance of the students in their academic achievements and also revealed that female students have significantly mean difference than male students. It was recommended that university lecturers, counselors, and also high authorities should work collaboratively and guide learners (especially male learners) on how to increase good and efficient study habits; in this manner enhancing and developing their scholastic success.

NOMADISM AND SEDENTARY VICTIMIZATION: THE FULANI-HERDERS CONUNDRUM IN NIGERIA

Jacob Otu Enyia — 2023-05-23

SEX FOR FAVOUR AND GRADES IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS: AN INSULT ON INTELLECTUAL INTEGRITY AND FAIRNESS

Jacob Otu Enyia — 2023-05-23

THE GCC: ATTEMPTS AT SUB-REGIONALISM IN THE PERSIAN GULF?

A K M Iftekharul Islam — 2023-05-24

THE TRANS-AFRICA HIGHWAY NETWORK: AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS ON FOSTERING TRADE AND STIMULATING ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA

Muhammad E. Balbaa — 2023-05-24

Dr. Shahbaz Afzal Bezar — 2023-05-25

This paper aims to examine the theme of liminality and in-betweenness in the context of cultural hybridity in Kashua's novel, Second Person Singular. Using Bhabha's theory of liminality and in-betweenness as a theoretical framework, this qualitative research explores the liminal features in the text of selected novel. Obtained from the novel is examined and assessed using Bhabha's concept of liminality and the state of being in-between.The study reveals that the novel is replete with issues of liminality and in-betweenness, as the characters assimilate the identity of Western culture for fame, survival, and other purposes. They define themselves in terms of a Western identity that is neither purely their own nor purely alien, and hence they are living in a state of liminality and in-betweenness. Their journey from traditional native life to foreign Western life indicates their hybrid and liminal tendencies on their part. The study concludes that contemporary society is undoubtedly hybrid, lacking in individualistic features. This research will contribute to the existing knowledge in the field and provide valuable insights for future research.

CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING IN THE SELECTED NOVELS OF NADEEM ASLAM

Shanza Munir — 2023-05-25

THE IMPACT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION

Muhammad Hamid Nawaz khan — 2023-05-26

Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach that focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in organizations. This study aims to explore the impact of TQM on employee motivation and job satisfaction. It specifically investigates how the implementation of TQM practices influences employee motivation levels and job satisfaction within an organization. To achieve the objectives of this study, a quantitative research design was employed. Subsequently, data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of employees in different organizations. The sample size consisted of 200 employees, randomly selected from different departments and hierarchical levels. The questionnaire assessed their perception of TQM practices, levels of motivation, and job satisfaction. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as correlation and regression analysis to determine the relationship between TQM, employee motivation, and job satisfaction.

This study's findings add to the literature on TQM, employee motivation, and job satisfaction by demonstrating the connection between TQM procedures and employee outcomes through empirical evidence. The findings had real-world consequences for businesses that want to implement TQM programs to boost employee motivation and job satisfaction. TQM methods have been shown to have a good effect on employee motivation and job satisfaction, which in turn boosts organizational performance and employee well-being, and this study helped businesses understand the mechanisms by which these effects occur.

THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

Aamir Riaz — 2023-05-26

EDUCATION OF LEGAL TRANSLATION: NEEDS, HORIZON, AND CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN

Dr. Shair Ali Khan — 2023-05-27

New Pakistan needs a huge number of professional translators to be communicative agents in the global village meeting the needs of the gigantic economic project CPEC, all legal circles, diplomatic domains, and a large number of institutions along with the individual needs of people. In terms of professional legal translators, Pakistan faces a number of challenges to fill the gap in the domains of legal translations such as the utilization of legal translation tool, preparation of term banks, databases, bilingual and multilingual legal translation dictionaries, terminography of legal domains. On the other hand, the verdict of Supreme Court regarding induction of Urdu as the official language of correspondence in all the governmental, semi-governmental and other substitute organizations. So, this decision put all the institutions in a big challenge of finding and induction of huge number of professional translators in various domains such as law, medical, media, commerce, trade, economics, business, political circles and education. Hence, focusing on legal institutions, a huge number of translators are needed to be employed for the faithful transfer of legal decisions, legal texts, legal correspondence from Urdu to English and vice versa and other diplomatic languages. Therefore, looking to the dire need of professional translators in legal domains, it is the time to put translation as a subject in the educational institutions accepting the interdisciplinary nature of legal translation, and to carry out the serious text transfer activity. The International Islamic University of Pakistan Islamic has the credit of establishing a full department of Translation & Interpretation. Whereas, the law department has a big space for the education of Legal Translation. All these challenges, future horizons, and CPEC project justify the education of legal translations in the academic programs. Therefore, the study aims at finding out the areas, needs, and space for the education of legal translation keeping in view the broad translational challenges in New Pakistan.

Mohammad Nasar Khan — 2023-05-27

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop and assess an intention-formation model by identifying the critical factors from the literature that are linked to the willingness of academicians to share their knowledge. The theory of planned behavior is utilized to provide the necessary conceptual support to the proposed model.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was employed to collect 355 valid responses from the teaching staff of Pakistani universities using adopted scales in a phased manner. The cross-sectional data was subsequently presented to partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the measurement model and confirm the proposed relationships.

Findings

Among the original predictors, attitude and behavioral control exhibited a significant and positive effect on knowledge sharing intention, while subjective norm failed to demonstrate the same. Among the added predictors, the variables of enjoyment in helping others, knowledge sharing culture, and self-efficacy yielded significant and positive results. However, the variables of perceived organizational incentive and reciprocal benefits could not return significant results.

Research, Practical & Social implications

The study recommends that university administrators should take into account both organizational and individual factors to comprehensively comprehend the knowledge sharing behavior of academicians and formulate an appropriate knowledge sharing strategy. Suggested steps include cultivating a knowledge sharing culture to motivate academicians, implementing a knowledge sharing reward system, and providing opportunities for scholars to share and exchange their knowledge for the collective benefit.

Originality/value

This study has presented an inclusive theoretical framework for comprehending the knowledge sharing intention of academicians, which contributes to the ongoing discourse in this field and sets the groundwork for more targeted and insightful investigations.

EFFECTS OF STRENGTH, AGILITY AND QUICKNESS (SAQ) TRAINING ON SELECTED PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AMONG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Muhammad Imran Khan — 2023-05-27

The main purpose of this study was to examine the health and skill related specific parameters of football players by utilizing the Strength, Agility and Quickness (S.A.Q) training program. This research was carried out during the preparation phase for intervarsity sports competition year 2021-22. The age of subjects was between 18 to 25 years with normal BMI range of healthy weight (18.5 to 24.9). After proper screening of the subjects with the help of Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q), they were divided into two equal groups. The Experimental Group (EG) and Control Group (CG) were comprised of 25 players. The SAQ training was given to experimental group for the duration of 12 week and the control group was untreated. The parameters of physical components were speed, agility, power while the component of kicking was assessed before and after the completion of 12 week from both groups. The result of the study explains that S.A.Q training program produced a significant improvement in selected parameters of football players. Therefore, it has been concluded that performance parameters such as speed, agility and power among football players can be improved through SAQ training.

GENDER, MACHINE, AND SOCIETY: EXPLORING POSTHUMAN IDENTITIES IN PIERCY'S NOVEL, HE, SHE AND IT

Muhammad Ehtsham — 2023-05-29

This research analyzes Piercy's novel "He, She and It" through the lens of Feminist Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis (FPDA) to explore the theme of posthuman identities. Posthumanism challenges traditional notions of human identity, arguing that agency, consciousness, and social meaning are not exclusive to humans. The study reveals that the novel challenges conventional understandings of identity and subjectivity, highlighting the fluidity and negotiability of boundaries between humans, machines, and society. It analyzes how Yod's character is often described in gendered terms, reinforcing that technology and machines are inherently gendered and perpetuating associated masculine and feminine qualities. Additionally, the analysis uncovers the presence of patriarchal power structures and their impact on the characters' lives. The research delves into the language used to highlight power imbalances and the need to challenge patriarchal authority.

THE POTENTIAL OF CPEC IN PROMOTING CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN

Seema Gul — 2023-05-29

This review paper examines the potential of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in promoting tourism development and cultural heritage in Pakistan. It highlights the diverse tourism opportunities in Pakistan and the challenges that need to be addressed. The paper also proposes three approaches for promoting tourism in Pakistan: digital technologies for tourism promotion, public-private partnerships for infrastructure development, and sustainable tourism development. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a concerted effort from the government, private sector, and civil society to fully realize the potential of CPEC in promoting tourism development and cultural heritage in Pakistan.

THE SERVICES OF MUSLIMS IN THE EVOLUTION OF SCIENCE

Dr. Hafiz Ahmed Saeed Rana — 2023-05-29

THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN MADRASSAS: EMPOWERING SCHOLARS FOR LIVELIHOOD AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN

Abdul Waheed Tariq — 2023-05-31

The article explores the importance of technical education in madrassas in Pakistan, highlighting the need for a balanced education that includes both Islamic and technical knowledge. While learning Islamic knowledge is mandatory for scholars to become better Muslims and serve their communities, technical education can equip them with the necessary skills to secure livelihoods and contribute to community development.

The article presents the challenges faced by madrassa graduates in finding meaningful employment and emphasizes the importance of technical skills in today's economy. It showcases successful examples of madrassas that have integrated technical education into their curriculum and highlights the stories of madrassa graduates who have gone on to become successful professionals.

The article also discusses the challenges faced by madrassas in providing technical education and proposes possible solutions, such as partnerships with government agencies and NGOs, and the use of technology to deliver online education.

In conclusion, the article emphasizes the significance of technical education in madrassas for both scholars and their communities. It calls upon stakeholders to support and invest in technical education programs in madrassas to empower scholars for livelihood and community development. By combining Islamic and technical education, madrassas can produce well-rounded individuals who are better equipped to navigate the modern world while staying true to their faith and values.

Mumtaz Hussain — 2023-05-31

Durr E Nayab Ikram — 2023-05-31

ONSET SYLLABLE CLUSTERING IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH: OPTIMALITY ANALYSIS

Shahid Hussain Mir — 2023-05-31

EFFECT OF EDUCATION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS ON FEMALE EMPOWERMENT IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD

Komal Riaz Cheema — 2023-06-02

Liaqat Ali Mohsin — 2023-06-06

POLITICAL REPRESENATION OF CARTOONS PUBLISHED IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS: A SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS

Rahila Sarwar — 2023-06-06

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY ON SOCIAL COHESION: A CRITICAL STUDY OF INTER-FAITH RELATIONS IN PAKISTAN

Saira Siddiqui — 2023-06-06

In contemporary times, the multifaceted nature of religious diversity in Pakistan has garnered significant academic attention, prompting intense debate and rigorous analysis. The nebulous impact of this diversity on social cohesion has become an area of critical research. It stresses a closer examination of the intricate relationships between disparate religious communities in the country. It is a painstakingly conducted study and this research endeavors to shed fresh light on this complex web of inter-faith relations. This study engendered a complex and perplexing social cohesion paradigm in Pakistan. We used existing literature to explore the role of civil society, government, and religious institutions in promoting social cohesion and examine the effectiveness of their efforts to promote inter-faith harmony. The findings of our research have significant implications for policymakers, civil society, and religious institutions in Pakistan. This paper makes a valuable contribution to the literature on religious diversity and social cohesion in Pakistan, by providing new insights and evidence-based recommendations.

MODES OF POSTCOLONIAL RESISTANCE IN RED SORGHUM BY MO YAN

Asjad Mehmood — 2023-06-09

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF WESTERN CONCEPT OF WOMEN'S INDEPENDENCE AND THE WOMEN RIGHTS DEFINED IN ISLAMIC SHARI'A

Dr. Najmul Sahar Ilyas — 2023-06-11

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY-ASSISTED LEARNING ON CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

Khizar Ali — 2023-06-12

MASCULINITY IN FEMALES AND FEMININITY IN MALES: EMERGENCE OF CRITICAL REFLEXIVITY IN PAKISTANI FASHION AND BUSINESS MAGAZINES

Dr. Sara Khan — 2023-06-12

VISUAL AND LINGUISTIC NARRATIVE STRUCTURES IN MIGRATION DISCOURSE: A SOCIO-COGNITIVE SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL PROJECTION OF AFGHAN MIGRANTS LIVING IN PAKISTAN

Dr. Sara Khan — 2023-06-12

Dr. Ali Abbas — 2023-06-13

The purpose of this research piece is to examine the chances and problems that Pakistan's economy has encountered in light of the country's rising political unrest. It studies the effects of political unpredictability on economic growth and development and analyses Pakistan's methods and policies for achieving economic recovery in the face of such difficult conditions. The article uses a variety of academic research and case studies to provide light on the well-known instance of Pakistan's economic recovery in the face of political unrest. Pakistan, a nation that has gone through political unrest in the past, is today juggling the task of economic recovery with escalating political unrest. This study offers a thorough examination of the complex interplay between political unrest and growth in the economy of Pakistan, putting it forward as a traditional case study. This paper examines the complex dynamics and inter-dependencies between political instability and economic recovery by drawing on a theoretical framework that includes the concepts of political economy, institutional theory, and dependency theory. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex dynamics between political unrest and economic recovery in Pakistan. By understanding these interdependencies, policymakers can formulate targeted strategies to navigate challenges and foster long-term economic stability and development.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF GOVERNANCE AND POLITICS IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN 1947-1971

Iqra Nazeer — 2023-06-14

The paper is primarily dealing with the governance and politics in Pakistan after its emergence in 1947. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah tried his best to set up a good governance system in the country as a founding father. Muslim League as dominant political party formed its government but different conspiracies and involvement of undemocratic forces affected the governance and politics during this era. Non-elected behaviour created un rest in the country and due to the behavior of the political leaders, Ayub take over, his political and administrative strategies, 1^st Martial Law put its influence on politics not only but the EBDO also destabilized democracy in Pakistan. This paper is an attempt to high light the governance and politics of Pakistan 1947-1971 how political leadership and military intervene influenced on governance and politics.

Neelam Farid — 2023-06-15

ANALYSIS OF THE OBJECTIONS TO SHEIKH IBN ARABI REGARDING THE BELIEF IN THE END OF PROPHETHOOD

Farah Jabeen — 2023-06-17

INVESTIGATION INTO ATHEISM OF RHAZES (ABU BAKR AL-RAZI)

Dr Bushra — 2023-06-17

Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Zakariyya al-Razi, known in the West as Rhazes, was great Muslim Scientist especially a medical expert, philosopher, and a polymath of the 10^th Century CE. His works have been translated into many languages of the world and his books have been taught until seventeenth century in the Europe. However, some European scholars have claimed that al-Razi was an atheist who neither believes in the divine institution of the Prophecy nor believes in the religious scriptures. This paper deals with this important issue to reach a conclusion. For this, the concerned literature has been carefully studied to reach the conclusion. In this regard, the concerned book of al-Razi has also been studied. After the careful study and mindful investigation into the literature, this paper argues that the claim of atheism has not been substantiated with strong and unequivocal arguments. The books on which this claim has been made are not extant and not included in the list of the works of al-Razi.

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FEMINIST RIGHTS AND OPINIONS OF MUSLIM SCHOLARS OF 20TH CENTURY

Dr. Hafiz.M. Mudassar shafique — 2023-06-20

Humera Omer Farooq — 2023-06-24

Symbols and artefacts of a country often indicate the historical trajectory and sociocultural history of that country. Despite being able to capture essential aspects of a nation's identity, cultural legacy, political views, and significant events, postage stamps are frequently disregarded as windows into a nation's soul. This study uses semiotic analysis to interpret Pakistan's narrative as depicted in the postage stamp designs, a country with a rich tapestry of history and culture. Our research focuses on a sample size of 70 carefully chosen stamps, each representing Pakistan's major historical eras, cultural components, or socio-political ideologies. This research spans a broad chronology of seven decades from 1947 to 2023. The stamps provided thorough insight into the nation's diversified and lively narrative thanks to the rigorous selection procedure. The study applies the semiotics method to decipher the signs and symbols on the postage stamps to reveal the narratives they contain about Pakistan's changing identity. Each stamp is given a close examination, with its design features, colours, symbols, and the people or events they depict being analyzed in light of the time it was published. The importance of postal stamps as potent symbolic weapons used by the state is highlighted by our preliminary results. They have had a crucial role in forming the national identity, highlighting cultural heritage, advancing political views, and honoring landmarks and critical historical events. Examining the shifting trends in stamp design provides a unique view into the subtle changes in Pakistan's social milieu and the development of its historical narrative. In shedding light on these findings, the study provides a new lens to perceive and understand the journey of Pakistan as a nation from its inception to the present day. It argues for the recognition of postage stamps as more than mere facilitators of communication - they are, in essence, miniature canvases narrating a country's ongoing story. As such, they hold potential for further research and can be a valuable resource for historians, sociocultural researchers, and philatelists.

PROMINENT AUTOBIOGRAPHIES IN URDU (AN ANALYTICAL STUDY)

Dr. Shaista Hameed Khan — 2023-06-24

An autobiography is a well-known and reliable genre of prose literature of Urdu. Under this, the celebrities tell the real story of their life's ups and downs without any reduction. The purpose of writing an autobiography is self-revelation and this is only possible if the writer is truthful and honest. Wherever truth is lost, Autobigraphie's art does not reach the heights of art. In this article, an analytical study of five best autobiographies in Urdu is presented; namely "Zarguzasht" by Mushtaq Ahmad Yousufi, "Shahab Nama" by Qudrat ullah Shahab, "Yaadon Ki Barat" by Josh Malihabadi, "Jahan-e-danish" by Ehsan Danish and Mirza Adeeb's "Mitti Ka Diya". These five autobiographies are of special importance in Urdu literature.

Neelam Farid — 2023-06-24

Dr. Sajjad Hussain — 2023-06-25

BRIDGING THE DIVIDE: THE ORDEALS AND TRIUMPHS OF A BLACK MAN IN WHITE AMERICA

Alam Zeb — 2023-06-25

The study of any aspect of African-American society necessitates an examination of its history, as their unique experiences have profoundly influenced their lives. Literature serves as a verbal expression of a community's thoughts and emotions, making an understanding of the factors that shape their imagination and thinking patterns crucial for analyzing their literary works. According to Houstoun A. Baker Jr., Black Literature in America (1971), much like the Black American population, is largely a product of social circumstances. Studies in Afro-American literature often incorporate socio-historic perspectives. A comprehensive understanding of the black community's history is essential for examining any literary trend or aspect. This particular study aims to assess the influence of black nationalism and black Muslim movements on African-American literature. However, to fully grasp the significance, it is crucial to explore the socio-political and religious implications of the Islamic experience and the underlying conditions that contributed to this phenomenon.

THE ISLAMIC NARRATIVE OF BASIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF UNDP

Muhammad Omer Rafique — 2023-06-26

The individual and collective ambitions of all Muslims should be aligned with the utmost guidance given to them in the form of the Quran and Sunnah. It is significant for Muslims to learn and apply the Islamic perspective on the three most important development indicators stated by the United Nations Human Development in its Report 1990 and detailed in the recent SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). These are Health, literacy, and a better standard of living. The study aims to highlight the Islamic narrative on these three aspects of life as an indicator of development. The method of the present study is a qualitative grounded theory. For this purpose, data was gathered from the study population which consisted of the Quran and authentic Ahadith. The study concluded that Human Development is one of the core targets of Islam. It establishes a system of worship that advances them towards real development which not only comprises the three indicators (longevity, knowledge, and decent living) but ads and advocates for one more essential ingredient, which is spirituality and strength of a human soul, to form a revolutionary human in this world and in the hereafter.

SURREALISM: TECHNIQUES, LITERARY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BACKGROUND (IN THE CONTEXT OF WESTERN AND URDU LITERARY CRITICISM)

Faiza Mazhar Alvi — 2023-06-26

Imran Nazeer — 2023-06-26

A STUDY TO ANALYZE SPELLING MISTAKES COMMITTED BY ENGLISH LEARNERS AT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

Aneesa Majeed — 2023-06-30

The aim of the present study was to analyze spelling mistakes committed by English learners of higher secondary schools in Lahore district. It was descriptive research based on cross sectional survey design in nature. The major purpose of this research was to find out types of committed spelling mistakes and knowing about which types of spelling mistakes are committed by English learners the most at higher secondary school level. In this regards, data was gathered of 280 students who were studying in 12^th class by applying systematic random sampling technique via collecting their last two administered English Language tests from 8 randomly selected higher secondary schools of Lahore district. Text analysis technique was used for listing and classifying spelling mistakes committed by the second year English learners. To find out demographic variables wise differences in the committing of mistakes, inferential and descriptive statistics was applied to analysis the data with help of SPSS (V.21) software. The result shows that majority of the English learners committed omission, substitution, and transposition spelling mistakes, and the most committing spelling mistakes at higher secondary school level are omission spelling mistakes. Statistically significant locality wise difference was found among English learners in committing spelling mistakes. It was also found that among the English learners, the majority boys of government higher secondary schools of rural areas and majority girls of the government higher secondary schools of urban areas committed omission errors while majority girls of the government higher secondary schools of rural areas and majority boys of the government higher secondary schools of urban areas, committed transposition/ disordering types of spelling errors. It is recommended that at secondary school level, while teaching English in the classroom, English teaching should share the rules of writing English with students to avoid spelling mistakes. Moreover, education department should also arrange continuous professional development training for language teachers to improve their language skills.

BULLYING BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN HEALTH: FACTORS AND CAUSES

Bakhtawar Siddique — 2023-06-30

Bullying behavior is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors such as biological, environment, psychological, social dynamics, and situational circumstances. Understanding these causes is crucial for effectively managing and preventing bullying behavior. By identifying the root causes, targeted interventions can be developed to address specific factors and provide support to individuals exhibiting bullying behaviors. It's important to adopt a holistic approach that considers multiple factors, including the individual's biological, environmental, psychological, and social conditions. Bullying can have profound and lasting effects on children, impacting their emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, behavior, and social development. Children who experience bullying may face fear, anxiety, low self-esteem, academic difficulties, and struggles in building healthy relationships. Some may internalize their anxiety and withdraw, while others may externalize their emotions through self-bullying or engage in self-destructive behaviors. Socially, bullying can hinder a child's ability to form trusting relationships and interact with peers, leading to distorted beliefs about trust and conflict resolution. Recognizing the impact of bullying is crucial for implementing early interventions, counseling, and creating safe environments to help affected children heal and recover. By addressing the emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social consequences of bullying, the long-term effects on children's well-being and development can be reduced.

Muhammad Nadeem — 2023-06-30

GENDER RELATED ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS IN POST CONFLICT AFGHANISTAN

Sara Qazi — 2023-06-30

ARCHITECTURAL STUDY OF SHRINE OF HAZRAT SULTAN BAHU

Humera Omer Farooq — 2023-06-30

The approach taken herein to the study of Sultan Bahu's shrine is a multi-dimensional one. The history of, purpose for, and the function of Bahu's shrine along with how it is a gateway to understanding Sufi mysticism is what will be discussed. As well as that, we will investigate his philosophy and how it drove his poetry and influenced his mysticism.

Suleman Khan — 2023-06-15

LEGISLATION FOR UNIVERSALITY IN SENATE OF PAKISTAN (1985-1999)

Hamid Iqbal — 2023-06-25

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE INANIMATE SIGNS OF NATURE FROM "DECIPHERING THE SIGNS OF GOD" BY ANNEMARIE SCHIMMEL IN LIGHT OF THE HOLY QURAN AND SAYINGS OF THE HOLY PROPHET (PBUH)

Dr Humaira Khalil — 2023-06-25

Scholarly study of Islam has attracted lots of people within years. The German Orientalist Annemarie Schimmel deeply explained the divine characteristics of nature and culture in several Religions, cultures, traditions and especially in Islam. She takes her beginning stage to the most straightforward indications of God, regular peculiarities like stones, dust, water, fire, creatures and their utilization in Strict and representative language. Then, at that point, she continues on toward more subtle signs. These signs are discussed in Holy Quran with great importance. It shows us that nothing that happens in the universe or nothing that exists in the universe is without a meaningful purpose. It can be considered that Annemarie Schimmel has done detailed and captivating work in this regard. So in making and admonishing people to find and believe in decoding the divine characteristics of nature and culture, her work is really commendable.it is crucial to mention that only non-living elements have been taken out from said book in this article. An analytical approach is made to explain the uniqueness of this topic keeping the authors perspective as an influence. These natural elements are also being discussed in light of Holy Quran and in what contexts they are being mentioned in Holy Quran in the first place. A very informative and considerably interesting approach has been presented in this article.

THE EFFECTS OF CLASS CONFLICT ON INDIVIDUALITY: A MARXIST ANALYSIS OF CHARLES DICKENS' GREAT EXPECTATIONS

Amada — 2023-06-25

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY WOMEN WORKING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY: A CASE STUDY OF DADU POLICE FORCE

Taniya Ahmed — 2023-06-25

The current qualitative study was aimed to investigate challenges faced by female police officers through in-depth interviews, with a total of (24) interviews performed with lower ranking female police officers from the Dadu police force. The police officers were selected using a procedure that involved purposeful sampling. In addition, the data collected was examined using a thematic approach, which resulted in the development of (02) primary themes and (07) sub-themes. According to the data, it was discovered that the majority of female officers face a variety of challenges, such as gender bias and discrimination, inadequate training and resources, lack of career guidance, limited facilities, difficulty obtaining trust and cooperation from the community, and difficulty balancing pregnancy, maternity leave, and the responsibilities of caring for children. In addition, the findings of the study have been the impetus for the development of several recommendations that are meant to address these problems. In order to solve these problems, extensive actions need to be taken to create an atmosphere that is more inclusive and equal. This will make it possible for female officers to thrive and make contributions that are relevant to their profession.

Sofia Khakwani — 2023-06-25

FROM BEATS TO BULLETS: A CORPUS BASED STUDY OF EXPLORING GUN CULTURE IN INDIAN PUNJABI MUSIC AND ITS SOCIETAL CONSEQUENCES

Dr. Wasim Hassan — 2023-07-09

This study delves into the thematic exploration of gun culture as portrayed in Indian Punjabi music, aiming to ascertain its prevalence and discuss its socio-cultural implications. Guided by Schreier's (2012) Qualitative Content Analysis Model, the study scrutinized a corpus of Punjabi songs, identifying a significant prevalence of violent themes, predominantly gun-related expressions. The results indicated a potential trend towards the normalization and acceptance of violence in this music genre, with the works of artists like Sidhu Moose Wala and Mankirt Aulakh presenting the highest frequency of violent expressions. Through a socio-cultural lens, this study connects these findings with the historical martial tradition of Punjabi culture and the influence of the Punjabi diaspora. The possible societal implications of this violence normalization, particularly among the youth, have been discussed, invoking a need for self-regulation in the Punjabi music industry and the promotion of non-violent themes. Furthermore, the paper suggests the implementation of educational initiatives to foster media literacy and awareness about potential media violence consequences. The study underlines the critical role of music as a societal influence and stresses the need for joint efforts from the music industry and society towards fostering non-violence and peace.

Tahira shabbir — 2023-07-09

LANGUAGE POLICY AND PLANNING: ATTRIBUTING URDU FOR SOLIDARITY AND CULTURAL FUSION

Javeria Amjad — 2023-07-09

FEASIBILITY AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWER TUBE WELL WITH EXISTING CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS AND ITS UTILIZATION IN IRRIGATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDS.

Muhammad Dawood Bukhari — 2023-06-26

Solar energy plays an essential role in creation of the electricity in all the fields of life. Now a day with the increased demand and high prices of the electricity production, it is not feasible to run all the electrical equipment on the electricity being supplied by the local authorities. In this research paper a comprehensive study based on the feasibility of the solar energy for the tube well has been conducted in district Bhakkar, Punjab. The tube well discharge was 25mm³/sec having a total hydraulic head of 25m. The borehole depth under the earth is 110 ft (50 ft blind + 60 ft screen) using borehole diameter of 12.7cm (5 in). A three-stage submersible pump of 15.24cm (6 in) diameter was laid in borehole to a depth of 65 ft. The submersible pump get power from 24 solar panels of having a magnitude of 360 watts each. In wintry weather the discharge of solar operated powered tube well varies from 5.00 to 24.00 mm³/sec and in summer it ranged from 12.00 to 25.00 mm³/sec. The peak discharge of the solar tube well properly changed into as 5 to 6 hrs/day in winter and summer time, respectively. The sugar cane crop was planted and irrigated with water pumped from a tube well that was operated by consuming solar energy and the production capacity of the tubewell is about 95 tons/hectare in a year. The cost volume profit analysis of a properly powered solar tube well vs a diesel-operated tube well nicely confirmed that the capital recovery period of solar powered tube well would be 1.42 years of its 10 years of usable life with a 36% internal rate of return (IRR). At discount rates of 2, 4, 6, and 8%, the solar powered tube well's BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) was 1.5, 1.42, 1.38, 1.62 respectively. At discount factor of 2, 4, 6, and 8%, the solar-powered tube well's NPV (Net Present Value) was 0.91, 0.87, 0.84, 0.75 million rupees, respectively. The Results indicated that the solar tube well is a sensible desire and need of the modern time due to its quick payback length.

Saeed Ur Rahman — 2023-06-26

QURANIC CONTEXT AND INTERFAITH DIALOGUE (BUILDING MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND ACCEPTANCE IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY)

Dr. Naseem Akhter — 2023-06-26

Interfaith harmony is a symbol of endurance; it can be the way forward for peaceful coexistence, peace, and prosperity among followers of different religious faiths in this growing political and economic unrest. It is important for the followers of all faiths to follow the strategy of tolerance, peace, patience and interfaith harmony. Similarly, inter-religious dialogue is important for mass communication, and its purpose is to pave the way between people or communities with different religious beliefs, traditions, and worldviews through dialogue, meaningful discussion, and dialogue. For the exchange of interfaith dialogue, the common ground is to share ideas of religion and spirituality. The primary objective was to promote feelings of compassion and respect for believers of all faiths. The main purpose of interfaith communication is to promote coexistence and encourage the stages of mutual learning. The first duty of Islam is to adopt a better attitude and behaviour towards people of different religions and beliefs so that a peaceful atmosphere can be established in society. Similarly, the purpose of constructive dialogue is to improve the situation, provide useful analysis, suggest improvements, and present an appropriate and sympathetic approach to religions and traditions to build a better and peaceful environment. Today's global crisis is affecting the world religiously, socially, politically, economically, due to which anxiety, and hatred are becoming dominant in different societies. Hence the dialogue between religions and civilizations being felt as the greatest need and desire of the world. Here it is very important that every religion has its own language and traditions which impart basic human values to the people. By which the human society moves towards improvement and these values play the role of guardian of this society. Interfaith dialogue is a constructive and effective exchange of ideas and cooperation between members of different faiths, religions, philosophies, or spiritual orientations. It is an effective means of promoting religious understanding, acceptance and tolerance. It is a way of respecting and accepting different ideas, beliefs and practices in a pluralistic society, encouraging mutual respect and understanding between people of different religions, beliefs, traditions and ways of thinking. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the interfaith dialogue in the light of Quranic teachings and to promote the acceptance and understanding of different beliefs in a pluralistic society. In the completion of this research paper help has been taken from various sources i.e. books, websites, magazines, articles and newspapers. Interfaith exchange is a useful asset for building common comprehension and acknowledgment in a pluralistic culture. Interfaith exchange is significant for building acknowledgment of various religions and societies in a pluralistic culture. By taking part in open and aware discussions, people can find out about one another's convictions and customs, which can prompt more noteworthy comprehension and appreciation.

Dr. Bismina — 2023-06-26

FUNCTIONS OF MODAL VERBS IN PAKISTANI RESEARCH DISCOURSE OF ECONOMICS AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

Misbah Obaid — 2023-06-26

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN LEARNING L2: A CASE STUDY AT SECONDARY LEVEL IN D G KHAN

Muhammad Nasir — 2023-06-26

Digital media is an important tool in education, especially for teaching and learning English as a Second Language (ESL) all over the world. Digital media is an umbrella term for educational media that is based on the Internet, computers, and mobile devices. The current study uses a quantitative method to find out how digital media affects both learning and teaching a second language. The purpose of this study is to look into how digital educational media can be used to teach and learn English as a second language at the secondary level in DG Khan. 100 secondary school students participated overall. The software Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to look at the data. The questionnaire was measured on a Likert scale. Questionnaire and tests were used to collect the data. Getting to know how ESL students in school use digital media could help teachers figure out how to make digital media a better way for students to learn. Digital educational media used to teach an English language are categorized by what they do and how they help students learn. They can be narrative, interactive, adaptive, communicative, or productive. The main advantage of using digital media in education is that it can get students more involved. It also gives students a lot of tools to help them work through hard ideas. Digital instruction makes it easier to understand things that are hard to understand in other ways. This study will show how digital media can help students become more stable and improve their academic performance as they learn. The information for this study taken from the district D.G. Khan. The results show how students act when they learn and teach with the use of digital media, as well as the methods used in learning and teaching.

Samina Yasmin — 2023-06-26

AN INVESTIGATION OF MARGINAL STATUS OF ANDROGYNOUS SELVES THROUGH FIGURATIVE PAINTING

Rohail Rahat — 2023-06-26

This practice-based study aims to explore the representation of androgynous persons as margins in the society. The marginalization and exploitation of the males having feminine traits in their personality have been depicted through the painting. The focus of this research project is to examine, discuss, and critically evaluate the self-abuse, physical and psychological sufferings, discrimination, alienation, inferiority complex of the androgynous males in Pakistani society. The figurative painting portrayed by the researcher take into account the plight of androgynous males because of the overlapping of masculine and feminine traits. The in-depth analysis of the figurative painting reflects the ways in which the androgynous people are compelled to live a life which is devoid of freedom of mind and body and full of identity crisis. However, their miserable life is full of mental anguishes and various physical ferocities. The study concludes that the existence of androgynous males in Pakistani society have become compromised as they are compelled to live in liminal spaces where they are exploited incessantly. This research is descriptive in nature among qualitative approach.

EXPLORING THE EARLY POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE INDO-SCYTHIAN IN GANDHARA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MAUES

Jan Muhammad — 2023-06-26

This paper deals with the early political history and an analysis of the Indo-Scythian from the 1^st century BCE to the 1^st century CE in Gandhara with special reference to Maues. Maues started his rule conceivably in 85 BCE and remained king till 57 BCE. He was the founder of this dynasty and established a strong political system on the pattern of Indo-Greek and declared Taxila as the capital city. The main objective of this paper is the reconstruction of Maues' political history based on material culture (inscriptions and coins) found in Gandhara, while in this connection the Patika Kharoshthi inscription shedding light on the socio-political and religious conditions during the Indo-Scythian rule in this region. His coins have been discovered in most of the major archaeological sites in Gandhara, confirming his territorial jurisdiction.

REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES: A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL CARTOONS PUBLISHED IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH NEWSPAPER DAWN

Khurram Shahzad — 2023-06-26

The present study focuses on the representation of political ideologies through political cartoons in the Pakistani English newspaper "Dawn". According to this research, ideology-laden media discourses significantly influence structuring or restructuring our perceptions of social and political reality. This research aims to uncover the hidden purpose of print media through multimodal analysis of selected political cartoons. The linguistics and non-linguistic (graphics) devices utilized by the cartoonist can alter and influence the readers' thoughts. The data was collected from the Dawn newspaper from 1 September 2020 to 31 October, 2020. Furthermore, the researcher used Machin's (2007) theoretical framework of multimodal analysis to analyze the selected cartoons qualitatively. The following factors were used to evaluate each cartoon: Participants, setting, written caption, pose, and objects. The study discovered the cartoonist used visual language to communicate his sociopolitical views in order to influence readers' perspectives. Furthermore, the print media criticize political parties whose policies are not in the best interests of the people. The present study revealed that English national newspaper uses cartoonist representation to reflect social and political issues such as FATF-related issues, long March of opposition, Corruption, inflation, Federal Board of Revenue etc.

THE IMPACT OF FINTECH ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Muneera Quresh — 2023-06-26

Financial technology (Fintech) has emerged as a disruptive force in the financial industry, revolutionizing how financial services are accessed and delivered. This research aims to explore the impact of Fintech on financial inclusion, focusing on the opportunities, its challenges, and the future perspectives of its integration. Financial inclusion refers to the accessibility and availability of financial services to individuals and businesses, particularly those historically underserved or excluded from the traditional banking system. On the other hand, Fintech encompasses the use of technology to provide innovative financial solutions and services. By analyzing existing literature, case studies, and empirical evidence, this research provides valuable insights into the potential of Fintech to enhance financial inclusion, bridge the digital divide, and foster economic empowerment for underserved populations. It also examines the key challenges associated with Fintech adoption and proposes recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to leverage the full potential of Fintech in promoting inclusive financial ecosystems.

Muhammad Kamran — 2023-06-26

ALLAMA IQBAL AND MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD'S THOUGHTS AND IDEAS ABOUT THE EXISTENCE AND SURVIVAL OF THE ISLAMIC STATE: IN THE CONTEXT OF LITERARY ASPECTS

Dr.Javed Iqbal Javed — 2023-06-26

The thoughts of Iqbal and Azad have come to the mouths of witnesses in the light of the Qur'an and Hadith. The aim of both of them was to renew the Islamic nation and provide the materials for the renaissance of humanity by doing ijtihad in the religion of Islam. He arranged his thought on the basis of the Holy Quran and tried to find a solution to all the problems of the Islamic nation in the light of its teachings. The Muslims of the sub-continent are indebted to Iqbal and Azad for instilling determination in the veins of the Muslims here. Courage, will and courage, enthusiasm and passion, self-reliance and self-confidence and steadfastness and determination flowed. It is impossible to deny the fact that if we analyze the expressions accepted by these two important Urdu thinkers and writers in Islamic thoughts and affairs, then it will not be out of place to say that there is a difference in the style of expression between Iqbal's poetry and the thoughts of Abul Kalam. In the same sense, Sajjad Ansari had said that if the Qur'an had been revealed in Urdu, Abul Kalam's prose or Iqbal's poetry would have been chosen for it.

Dr Humaira Khalil — 2023-06-26

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN ACADEMIC LEADERS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COLLEGES

Muzahir khan — 2023-06-26

In this study, female academic leaders in both public and private universities will be examined, and their experiences will be compared. The study will explore a range of leadership topics, such as difficulties faced, chances presented, chances for career progression, and work-life balance. The study aims to advance knowledge of the particular difficulties experienced by women in leadership roles in both public and private higher education institutions by exploring these issues.

IQBAL'S EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS AND OUR CURRENT EDUCATION SYSTEM

Dr.Mutahir Shah — 2023-06-26

Allama Iqbal is a prominent philosopher of the Muslim nation. His ideas have a unique importance regarding the guidance of the country and the nation. He always promoted such educational ideas which are necessary for the development of the nation. Iqbal is influenced by the educational ideas of Muslim thinkers. Al-Farabi, Abu-al-Qasim, Bayezid and Maulana Room included the great philosophers. These scholars put the Muslim nation on a path of development that was the most unique. Thus, Muslims continued to rule the whole world. The reason was they were following the same teachings that were the guarantee of success and rule. For this reason, the Muslim nation remained a prominent model for the nations of the world for a long time. These traditions of this nation's glorious past are mentioned in abundance in Iqbal's poetic and prose works. This is the reason why Iqbal advises the Muslim nation to implement the wonderful traditions of the past. In the present article, an analytical study of the same educational ideas of Iqbal is presented.

THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION ON INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY: A MARXIST ANALYSIS OF CHARLES DICKENS' GREAT EXPECTATIONS.

Amada — 2023-06-26

This research paper aims to explore the influence of economic exploitation on individual identity through a Marxist analysis of Charles Dickens' novel, Great Expectations. By applying Marxist concepts such as class struggle, alienation, and commodification to the characters and societal structures depicted in the novel, this study seeks to elucidate how economic forces shape and mold the identities of individuals. The analysis will highlight the impact of capitalism on the characters' aspirations, relationships, and overall sense of self. Through this examination, it becomes evident that Dickens' work serves as a critique of the dehumanizing effects of a capitalist society on individual identity.

COMPARING THE IMPACT OF ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORMS AND TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM SETTINGS ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION

Sultan Akbar Shah — 2023-06-26

This study compared online learning systems to traditional classrooms for effectiveness and student satisfaction. 500 university students were questioned about both learning techniques. Quantitative data was collected. To ensure diversity, age, gender, and field of study were collected. Two questionnaires were also given to assess student satisfaction with online learning platforms and traditional classrooms, as well as their effectiveness. The Likert-scale questionnaires measured satisfaction and effectiveness. The statistics showed how online learning platforms compare to traditional classrooms in effectiveness and student satisfaction. Students were largely satisfied with both learning styles, with online learning platforms somewhat higher in satisfaction. The study also found that online learning platform accessibility, schedule flexibility, and multimedia resources affect student happiness. Most students said online and traditional classrooms were beneficial. Online learning platforms were better at facilitating self-paced learning, tailored instruction, and a wide selection of learning materials. This study sheds light on the efficacy and student satisfaction of online learning platforms versus traditional classrooms. Educational institutions and policymakers can use the findings to improve online learning platform design and implementation. The study also underscores the importance of student preferences and needs when designing instructional techniques and the potential benefits of blended learning approaches that integrate the qualities of both learning modalities.

A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF NICKNAMES AND ITS APPLICATION AMONG THE STUDENTS OF BACHA KHAN UNIVERSITY CHARSADDA

Saeed Ur Rahman — 2023-06-26

The research study focuses on finding the practised area for nicknames among the students of Bacha Khan University Charsadda. It aims at finding the differences and the ratio between the male and female students with reference to nicknames. The study is interesting since the culture of nicknames is exercised and rehearsed among the students of the aforementioned university. The research is both qualitative and quantitative. The survey and analysis reveal that female students are more concerned about each other whereas male are incautious. Moreover, female are more cooperative than male when filling or answering the questionnaire. The study analyzes the answers acquired and concludes that the female practice nicknames more than male. The ratio of nickname users is more in female. The researchers have limited the study to merely four departments at Bacha Khan University Charsadda. They are: Department of English, Department of Computer Science, Department of Management Science, and Department of Botany. Taking four departments as a sample represented the university. The paper also shows that both genders tend to give nicknames covering the physical area. The nicknames female give are often positive. Contrary to that, nicknames of male cover physical area were often found negative.

STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES USED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER

Sultan Akbar Shah — 2023-06-26

THE ROLE OF FEUDAL LANDLORDS IN SHAPING NATIONAL GOVERNANCE IN PAKISTAN

Shafique Ahmed — 2023-06-26

This research paper explores how feudal landlords have influenced the governance of Pakistan. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study examines the political and economic power wielded by feudal landlords, their interactions with state institutions, and the consequences of their power on public services. The findings demonstrate that feudal landlords possess significant sway over the state apparatus and exert a profound impact on public services within Pakistan. The study argues that the persistence of feudalism poses a substantial obstacle to the consolidation of democracy in the area. Drawing from these findings, the paper puts forth several recommendations for policy and practice, including the necessity for institutional reforms and measures to address the power disparity between feudal landlords and other stakeholders. The study concludes by acknowledging the research limitations and proposing avenues for future investigations into this subject matter. Overall, this research contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge on feudalism and national governance in Pakistan, providing a valuable foundation for future research endeavors and policymaking initiatives in the region.

SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF NAWAB MOHSIN-UL-MULUK FOR INDIAN MUSLIMS: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Shaista Gohar — 2023-06-26

Even though Mohsin-ul-Mulk was a government servant by profession, he took a keen interest in reviving the Muslims after the events of 1857 whilst working with Sir Syed. He shared Sir Syed's belief that the only path to the salvation of Muslims was through the pursuit of a contemporary education. Aligarh College was created to give these concepts a concrete form, and it later had a significant impact on how Muslims were oriented in the socio-political spheres. Mohsin-ul-Mulk led the Muslims in politics in addition to overseeing the educational programme. In this brief article an attempt is made to revisit the role and contributions of Nawab Mohsin-ul-Muluk that he rendered for the Indian Muslims as a politician, social worker, and an educationist. The article also highlights the role of Muhsin-ul-Mulk as Syed Ahmad Khan's true successor in the Aligarh Movement.

READING TRENDS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A SURVEY BASED STUDY OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH IN PAKISTANI UNIVERSITIES

Shafi Ullah Khan — 2023-07-20

The current research deals with reading trends of University students, is about reading habits of Pakistani university students. Largely, it is assumed that Pakistani students do not take interest because of internet and mobile, and they need more attention and focuse to give to reading which will enhance the learning skills of the students. Therefore, the research is conducted to explore and analyze the reading skills of the university students in Pakistan. The researchers selected twenty students randomly selected from the students of Department of English that is prestigious university, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, situated in Sargodha. A Questionnaire of 15 statements was designed. The study resulted that students of Pakistani universities are keenly interested and motivated in reading and they give their extra time to reading instead of hectic routine. However, the need more attention and concentration with handy environment and guideline which are feasible for reading.

Noureen Aslam — 2023-07-20

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GHUNYA-TUL-QARI, A COMMENTARY OF SAHI AL-BUKHARI

Afsar Ali, PhD Scholar — 2023-05-29

AN INTRODUCTORY STUDY OF FATAWA NAZIRIYYAH OF HAZRAT SYED NAZIR HUSSAIN DEHLAVI: AN ANALYSES

Hussan Farosh — 2023-05-29

Hazrat Syed Nazir Hussain Dehlavi (1220-1320 AH/ 1805-1902 AD) was prominent Scholar of Ahli Hadith school of thought. His services are not just recognized in the region of subcontinent but all over the Muslim world. He compiled a lot of books in his life. He was a great Muhadith of that time as well as he was mufti and expert in Islamic jurisprudence.

Among the services of him for Islam and Muslim Ummah, one of the fields is authorship and compilation. These works of Hazrat Syed Nazir Hussain Dehlavi was not just writing for the sake of writing as an academic hobby, but they were to find solutions to the necessary problems faced by the Muslim Ummah. His field of research was Qur'an, Hadith and Fiqha. The work under review "Fatawa Naziriya" is related to the art of jurisprudence and fatawa, which is a rare collection of jurisprudential issues and debates and is a unique and great achievement of this century.

He compiled a valuable fatawa named "Fatawa Naziriya". In this fatawa he discussed different fields of Hadith and Fiqha, Fatawa Naziriya a well-known book of fatawa in Ahli Hadith School of thought. The writing style and analysis of the mention book has been discussed in said paper in detail.

Hazrat Syed Nazir Hussain Mohadis Dehlavi (1220 AH-1320 AH / 1805-1902) was born in district Monger Bihar, India. His father's name is Syed Jawad Ali. He is Naqvi Hussaini Syed from Nanyal and Dadhiyal. He was brought up as a Shia in his childhood but later abandoned Shia due to mistrust. Hazrat Syed Muhammad Nazir Hussain Dehlavi read Arabic and Persian books from his father. After that, he went to the famous city of Patna in India with one of his peers, Bashir uddin to get further education. After that, he went to Sadiq Nagar, Bihar, where in the 1820 AD he met Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi (1786-1831) who had a revolutionary disposition.[i]

Fatawa Naziriya consists of three volumes, one thousand nine hundred and thirty-five (1935) pages and ninety-three thousand (947) fatwas. This collection of fatwa is the result of the efforts of Mulana Shamsul Haq Azimabadi, Mulana Abdur Rehman Mubarak Puri, disciples of Syed Nazir Hussain Dehlavi, while the task of revision was carried out by Mulana Shamsuddin Dehlavi. Fatawa Naziriya was published for the first time in 1915 AD/1333 AH from Dehli. In Fatawa Naziriyyah, there are twenty-four (427) fatwas of other muftis besides Mufti Nazir Hussain Dehlavi.

Imran Ahmad — 2023-06-29

Rehab Khalid — 2023-06-29

Muhammad Amir — 2023-06-29

The state of Swat was an organized government in the Pakhtun regions of Pakistan. The rulers of Swat state were educated, experienced and loved the citizens of the state. This state was merged into Pakistan in 1969. The judicial affairs of this state were very simple and mirrored the traditions, civilization and religion of the local Pakhtun population. Swat Nama was the constitutional document of the Swat state which was agreed upon by the entire Pakhtun nation.

"Riwaj Nama e Swat" of the State of Swat contains a large number of decrees in which criminal, civil and other types of decrees are recorded in a detailed manner. In this article a shari'a and research review of honor killing among civil powers has been done regarding the order of the same "Riwaj Nama e Swat".

This paper is divided into two main topics. In the first part, the introduction and background of "Riwaj Nama e Swat" is described, while in the second part, various cases of honor killings are explained in the light of "Riwaj Nama e Swat".

At the end of the paper, the summary discussion, recommendations and references are listed in the form of endnotes.

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS

Waqar Akbar Khan — 2023-06-29

This study examines the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on organizational performance. The target population consists of employees working in various organizations. A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed to all members of this population. The aim of this research is to explore the strategies implemented by HRM and their influence on organizational performance. The insights provided by employees in this industry are crucial for answering the research questions. The sample size for this study was 300 respondents, selected using a nonprobability sampling technique. Random sampling was employed as the sampling method. The data collection and research methodologies adhered to ethical guidelines. The questionnaire was distributed among the employees to gather relevant data for analysis. By investigating the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field. The findings from this research provide insights and recommendations for organizations to enhance their HRM practices and ultimately improve their performance outcomes.

CATALYZING CHANGE: EMBEDDING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ESD) WITH THE SITUATED LEARNING MODEL

Hina saleem — 2023-06-29

In this research study, the Situated Learning Model (SLM) has been successfully applied to promote Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within the context of a university course, specifically General Science. The study focuses on the development and evaluation of the SLM implementation in the Fall semester of the B.Ed. (Elementary Education) program, session 2022-2026, at a reputable Public Sector University in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of fifty-seven students voluntarily participated in the research. The effectiveness of the SLM as an ESD technique was assessed using pre-test and post-test experimental research methodologies, revealing a significant increase in students' knowledge of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, through their participation in the SLM, students gained awareness of the benefits to the community and learned how to maintain an environmentally friendly lifestyle. This research demonstrates that the SLM teaching methodology is an increasingly valuable tool for developing both tangible and intangible competencies and promoting environmental awareness. It emphasizes that while conceptual knowledge may initially be intangible, it becomes tangible through real-life application and problem-solving, ultimately contributing to the ESD regime.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUFI THOUGHTS OF SHAH FAKHRUDDIN DEHLVI AND SHAH WALIULLAH DEHLVI

Rukhshinda Jabeen — 2023-06-29

There are two kinds of knowledge, one is the knowledge of the heart which is beneficial and the other is the oral knowledge which is the proof of Allah Almighty on the Son of Man.Verbal knowledge is external and heart knowledge is internal. The esoteric knowledge is the real beneficial knowledge. This knowledge illuminates the lamp of other hearts from the lamp of the heart. This is the esoteric knowledge of Sufism, so the subject of Sufism is very important, the study of which is very useful. Sufism is a method of self-purification which needs to be followed. At a time when the subcontinent was in a state of political, economic, social and religious decline, the society was in a state of decline, In this way, some well-known and distinguished personalities were born who not only saved humanity from destruction with their thoughts and deeds but also guided it on the right path. .In the turbulent times when India fell after Aurangzeb Alamgir, where socio-political and religious thinkers like Shah Waliullah were born.There, among your contemporaries, the personality of Shah Fakharuddin Delve a benefactor of Chastain chain, has a Muslim status.

THE GENDER ROLE AND CULTURAL EXCEPTION IN LOVE IN THE TIME OF CHOLERA: A FEMINIST ANALYSIS

Samar Zehra — 2023-06-29

Majid Hussain — 2023-06-29

INVESTIGATING THE MUSLIM IDENTITY CRISIS IN THE KITE RUNNER BY KHALED HOSSEINI: A DIASPORIC ANALYSIS

Tasneem koser — 2023-06-29

The concepts of cultural identity and cultural globalisation are explored in this study. The search is highlighted via the lens of persons who frequently go back and forth between their home nation and a diaspora. This study analyses Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner from a diasporic theoretical perspective, looking at how the author portrays the Muslim identity crisis. This research looks at how difficult it may be for Muslim immigrants to maintain religious practises that are respectful of their new home cultures. The relationships Amir has with the other characters are the subject of the analysis as he experiences different difficulties. Diasporic Muslim idenity is the focus of this qualitative research. This study aims to decipher how this identity is depicted in the novel's several layers. It examines Muslim identity debate through a reading of the novel and an analysis of its plot, characters, and themes. This research investigates a contentious debate between cultural traditionalists and advocates of integration. Diasporic identity politics are also investigated.The survey's findings are consistent with the novel's depiction of Muslims' identity crisis.It's possible that this research idea might add to the field of diaspora studies.

HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGY: ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH EFFECTIVE HRM

Maria Batool — 2023-06-29

In light of today's rapidly changing economic climate, this study investigates the role that HR strategy plays in raising the bar for corporate success. Using a literature synthesis approach, this research intends to illuminate the critical variables that lead to organizational performance by analyzing and comparing a variety of HRM theories and strategic HR practices. This study's overarching research topic investigates how strategic HRM improves organizational effectiveness by fostering a productive work environment, attracting and retaining the best employees, and boosting morale and productivity. The study takes a qualitative tack by relying heavily on a review of the existing literature. In order to maximize human capital for competitive advantage and sustainable growth, the results show how important strategic HRM is. The effects of strategic HRM on managing employees and improving productivity are discussed. This paper concludes that long-term success can be driven by a combination of positive work culture and HR policies that are aligned with company goals.

PAKISTAN: A SOCIO-LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF GRAFFITI WRITINGS

Wania Gul — 2023-06-26

There are various researches, which have established that graffiti is a practice which is on the universal level. This research explores the phenomenon of graffiti in the Pakistani context. The research sets to demystify the themes of different types, which are exhibited with the assistance of graffiti. It further describes the sociocultural and corresponding religious ideologies of this part of the world. For this purpose, Dell Hymes (1974) model of SPEAKING is used by the researcher in order to analyze the information delivered through graffiti. Studying the graffiti can provide us with the salient information regarding attitudes as well as the socio-cultural features. For the given purpose Lahore, a historical and cultural city of Pakistan is chosen especially some of the areas like Model Town, Center Point, and Husnain chowk. The contention of the research is not to highlight graffiti as a social crime or to shed highlight on the rebellious facet of this part of the world rather it shows the socio-cultural norms, social behavior and religious beliefs of the existing Pakistani society through graffiti.

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN DERA GHAZI KHAN 2018 -2022

Saad Ahmed Khan — 2023-06-26

This is an analytical study that primarily deals with the socio-development in Dera Ghazi Khan during 2018-22, is considered an underdeveloped region of the country. The Study analyzed the social development and projects started by Sardar Usman Ahmad Khan Buzdar as Chief Minister of Punjab for the social uplift of the people in this deprived area. The study also explores the political development as the involvement of local elite and their role in local politics is for the development of the region and how a Chief and Tumandar is dominant in his area and what the voting behavior of the people is whether they are limited to one party or they have and political ideology. This article is an attempt to highlight the socio-political development in Dera Ghazi Khan especially in Tribal Area during the above-mentioned era.

DEMONSTRATION OF GENDER IN CHILDREN FANTASY FICTION: A SEMIOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS(SDA) OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STORY BOOKS

Tahira shabbir — 2023-06-28

This study concentrates on children's fantasy fiction to investigate gender representations in a selection of elementary school storybooks. This study reveals gender ideology in terms of how gender stereotypes are represented via linguistic and semiotic means. Children's literature influences gender ideology. When students read stories with stereotypically portrayed characters, they reinforce preconceived notions. Stories are constructed in cultural context. Children are products of this particular cultural context, and they tend to conduct in accordance with the gendered ideologies ingrained in cultural discourse. Fantasy novels are historical records. The current qualitative study concentrates on children's literature to examine gender representations. The research examines fifteen works of children's fantasy fiction. The data was collected using the technique of systematic sampling. For the Critical Discourse Analysis of narratives, a qualitative approach has been employed, and the frameworks of Fairclough (1995), Barthes (1974), and Kruger (2000) have been utilised for critical and semi-logical analysis. The findings indicate that 21st-century children's fantasy literature emphasises gender representations. In patriarchal societies, males are dominant, as has been observed. Because they have power, they are free to exercise their free will in every situation, whereas women are valued for domestic purposes. In some legends, women have been portrayed as demons, while men have been depicted as dependent on women. The study also reveals the role of customs and traditions in determining the destinies of women. Through the analysis of picture books, this study expands our understanding of the phenomenon of gender representations and encourages future scholars to conduct additional academic research on gender representations in other pedagogical sources, such as novels, dramas, morning shows, newspapers, magazines, and talk shows, etc.

SPILLOVER OF COVID-19: IMPACT ON THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN

Urooj Moeen — 2023-06-29

The chief purpose of this research is to recognize the impact of COVID-19 on the education system of Pakistan. Another purpose of this study is to highlight the spread of global spillover of COVID-19 and the measures that are taken by the government of Pakistan after the lockdown. The secondary data collection is used in this research because the secondary data collection method is not time-consuming and expensive as compared to primary data collection. The findings disclose that the government of Pakistan has advised the people to keep the distance from one another and there will be a great loss of education in Pakistan with the further extends in lockdown. This research study does not focus on other countries or other fields that are affected by COVID-19. The other fields like business, economy, industries, and health sectors should be focused on this research. The study explores the effect of COVID-19 on the learning system of Pakistan and the details of distance learning programs that have been started in Pakistan after the lockdown. The novelty of a study is produced due to this study regarding the COVID-19 and the education system of Pakistan.

SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY SERVICES OF SYED NASEERUDDIN NASEER: A RESEARCH REVIEW

Ayesha Bibi — 2023-06-26

Golrah Sharif is a school where the fountains of knowledge and wisdom spring up. This is the place where lovers of love always gather to get spiritual blessings. Golrah Sharif has the honor that the disbelievers end here. Prophethood was challenged and the word of truth and truth was raised. It was Hazrat Pir Meher Ali Shah who paid the right to be the family of Rasool ?. The descendants of Hazrat Pir Meher Ali Shah also gave ample evidence of their successorship and did not let the ongoing fountain of prosperity in this school diminish. Hazrat Pir Naseeruddin Naseer is one of the great names among the glorification of the same successors of Hazrat Pir Meher Ali Shah. Pir Naseeruddin Naseer, as a Sufi, poet, writer, researcher, historian, religious scholar, taught this school. Increased the prestige of? His scholarly and literary services are definitely a part of history. His research and compilation and spiritual education were going on when suddenly the heartbreaking news came that his soul had departed. Pir Naseeruddin Naseer Sajjada Nasheen Astana Aliya Golda Sharif was preparing to deliver the Friday sermon when suddenly he had a heart attack and he was shocked by the true Creator. Pir Naseeruddin Naseer was a comprehensive scholar, he wrote poetry in seven languages He was born in Golra Sharif, Astana, in the house of Hazrat Syed Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani Golrovi. Due to being the eye and lamp of Sadat Golra Sharif and having various personal academic and literary qualities, Syed Pir Naseeruddin Naseer also held an important position in the country of Pakistan. He was of rank. Through various channels of Pakistani newspapers, magazines, radio and television, his system of eloquence used to reach every special and general. There was nothing less. He had adopted a genius personality in his life. His grasp of Arabic and Persian was evident that eminent professors of universities and eminent scholars of religious schools sought guidance from him.

Bakht Jamal — 2023-06-29

INTELLIGENCE-DRIVEN SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT AND RESILIENCE STRATEGIES.

Maheen Hayat — 2023-06-29

This research article focuses on applying intelligence-driven strategies to enhance supply chain risk management and build resilience. The study utilizes secondary data analysis through SPSS software, with a sample size of 500 organizations operating in diverse industries. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the descriptive and inferential analysis of supply chain risks and the effectiveness of resilience strategies. The descriptive analysis explores various dimensions of supply chain risks, such as demand volatility, supplier reliability, transportation disruptions, and regulatory compliance. Additionally, it investigates the prevalence and impact of risks in different industries and geographical regions. This analysis aims to identify the critical risk factors that pose significant challenges to supply chain operations. The inferential analysis assesses the relationships between risk factors and their influence on supply chain resilience. The research investigates the effectiveness of intelligence-driven strategies, including real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning, in mitigating risks and enhancing supply chain resilience. Furthermore, the study examines the role of collaboration among supply chain partners in improving resilience and reducing vulnerabilities. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the current state of supply chain risk management practices and the effectiveness of resilience strategies in diverse industries. The results contribute to the existing body of knowledge by identifying best practices, key risk factors, and potential areas for improvement. Moreover, they assist practitioners and decision-makers in developing proactive risk management strategies and fostering resilience in their supply chain operations.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN ISLAM

Dr. Hafiz Mudassar Shafique — 2023-06-29

Rights refer to the benefits and demands enjoyed by mankind from which they cannot be deprived. In case of deprivation, they can be recovered by legal action because the creator and owner of this universe had entrusted the human being with their basic rights at the time of their birth. Undoubtedly, these rights are granted by nature but when we turn the pages of history, the developed or undeveloped civilizations of the world religions have always violated the rights of women. Woman, who is half of this universe and the guardian of generations and it has always been a victim of social oppression. The system of relationships in this universe is based on the union of man and woman. The system of life offered by Islamic Shariat is based on equality between men and women. Islam does not believe in any discrimination between men and women, but requires that men and women fulfill their rights and duties in a good manner. Islam advocates justice in rights. In the religion of Islam, woman has been declared as the main pillar of the society. Women's rights have not been reduced in any way, just like men's rights are women's rights. Whether these rights are related to education or any other aspect of life. Islam provides complete guidance for men and women in all these aspects. Islam is the only religion which gave women all the rights fourteen hundred years ago for which women are fighting today. Before Islam and after Islam, the non-Muslim woman was not given the status she deserved. With the emergence of Islam, Islam gave women their economic, social, educational, legal, inheritance and all other rights which were suspended by all the nations of the world.

A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF WAZIR BEGUM'S CHARACTER ) IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NOVEL KAI CHAND THAY SAR-E-ASMAN)

Dr. Raheela Khurshid — 2023-06-29

THE GOTHIC-HER STORY: EXPLICATING THE SILENT GROTESQUE FEMALE IN THE MAGICAL SPACE OF MYTHOLOGICAL WORLD IN THE LIVING AND THE DEAD BY RABINDRANATH TAGORE

Dr. Bushra Siddiqui — 2023-06-29

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES TOWARDS TYPHOID AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN PRIVATE CLINICS OF DISTRICT WEST KARACHI

Fahim Shezad — 2023-06-29

Background: Typhoid is a communicable disease that disturbs societies in developing countries, especially crowded population areas with poor sanitation are high risk where healthcare professionals are a major source for the prevention of typhoid, and therefore, good knowledge, attitude, and practices are essential for developing of a healthy society.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and practices towards typhoid among healthcare professionals working in private clinics of district west Karachi.

Methodology: This study was done by using quantitative research methods among Health care professionals (HCPs) working in private clinics of district west Karachi, data were collected from 116 HCPs on a questionnaire survey basis. After data collection, it was analyzed by SPSS v.21.

Results: Out of 116 respondents most of them were male having clinical experience of more than 10 years. A clear majority of general practitioners scored good knowledge while negative attitudes and practices were found.

Conclusion: The study concluded that respondents were having a good amount of knowledge about the phenomena under study however poor attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals were found which shows the negligence of social health situation in slums by researchers, social workers, and authorities therefore, more focus should be needed for the improvement of a healthy society by concerned stakeholders. The study further concluded that there is a need for targeted interventions to improve the prevention practices of HCPs in the district west Karachi.

Iram Iqbal — 2023-06-29

Stress is a natural psychological and physiological response to the demands of everyday life. Feeling overwhelmed by mental or emotional stress can turn into stress when you feel out of control. While a certain level of stress may motivate one person, the same level of stress may depress another. When you're under a lot of stress, your body's defense system, called "fight or flight," kicks in. Human has been created as a mixture of two basic essential parts i.e. soul and body, of which the spiritual aspect is of great importance in human life, through which man is connected with his creator and owner and he By knowing Him, one strives to become His perfect servant - If a person knows his Creator and lives his life according to the will of Allah, such a person will not be overwhelmed by fear, anxiety and depression - if he were to neglect it. And if he does not fulfill the purpose of his master by utilizing the requirements of the soul, then he will be subject to inner restlessness, anxiety and conflict, which may result in mental stress, as Allah says: "Those who follow my guidance will have no fear, nor will they grieve." This mental tension usually increases due to intolerance, so much so that it has recently swallowed nine lives in a single household in Pakistan Malakand Division. Conflicts can be seen everywhere nowadays. You can see its scenes from the riots of your neighborhood to national, regional and international riots. Our test in this age is what attitude we choose. Lest we be among the instigators of riots by importing or exporting them and suffer the punishment for the atrocities of others. In this article, the negative effects of mental stress and the role of Islamic law in its solution have been discussed.

Dr. Waqasia Naeem — 2023-06-29

SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS IN POETRY OF ROBERT FROST AND THOMAS DYLAN

Umaima Khan — 2023-06-29

ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Waqar Akbar Khan — 2023-06-29

Analyzing the Human Resource Management (hereinafter: HRM) practices of small and medium-sized business enterprises is the need of modern-day marketers. Understanding the function of HRM in small and medium-sized businesses and the internal and external factors that have the greatest impact on these organizations is crucial because 99.8% of businesses fall into this size range and thus contribute significantly to high employment rates. In this study, we look at the organizational and environmental challenges that small businesses face that may lead them to adopt a more systematic approach to HRM. HRM literature was used to construct a conceptual model, which was then verified for internal consistency using three different methods: exploratory interviews, variable readjustment using the Delphi technique, and multivariate statistical testing. We used structural equation modeling to evaluate the hypotheses of our conceptual model based on data from a survey of one hundred Pakistani small businesses. The research shows that formal and structured HRM practices and policies are associated with factors like organizational structure, management and communication style, career management, organizational flexibility, organizational strategy, and national culture. The number of dimensions and variables under analysis, as well as the complexity of the model under testing, are only two examples of the study's complexity, which offers certain restrictions on both the conceptual analysis and empirical levels. Data collection from workers is one example of a larger study direction. A new angle on the company's processes and a broader look at certain topics not fully explored here may result from such an investigation.

RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN THE NOVELS OF QURAT-UL-AIN HAIDER (A POST-COLONIAL STUDY (

Dr. Humaira Usman — 2023-06-29

In the colonial system, religious sectarianism is used as a tool to achieve the colonial objectives. The British settlers adopted this strategy in the subcontinent as well as in their other settlements. Before the arrival of the British, Indian society was the cradle of religious tolerance. The British sowed the seeds of hatred on linguistic and religious grounds; even the inhabitants of India were not tolerant of one another. If we study the novels of QaratulAin Haider, the spirit of the real society of the subcontinent is seen breathing in these novels. She recovers the original society of the subcontinent in her writings. In her novels, there is the land of Indo Pak, where the Bhagati movement was born. Buddhist monks, Hindu yogis and sage Guru Nanak chanted slogans of peace and harmony and Muslim Sufis spread the message of peace and love. A subcontinent is a model of religious and cultural harmony, where the people of every religion are free to practice their religion and everyone respected each other's religion.

MENTAL HEALTH AND FACTORS RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AMONG PAKISTANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Sultan Akbar Shah — 2023-06-29

In order to address the growing concern about mental health concerns among university students in Pakistan, this article focuses on the causes of these difficulties and suggests viable remedies. The research review highlights the effects of peer pressure, technology use, family expectations, financial restrictions, social and cultural norms, academic pressure, and financial restraints on students' mental health. Low mental health literacy and job market uncertainty make the problem worse. The study's aims include determining the incidence of mental health problems among university students in Pakistan, identifying risk factors, and examining the links between academic pressure, job insecurity, and mental health outcomes. The study uses a cross-sectional design and a quantitative research methodology to collect data from 460 Pakistani university students using stratified random sampling. The examination of the data suggests that students experience moderate degrees of anxiety, despair, stress, loneliness, and sleep disruptions. Technology usage, financial stress, and academic stress are all quite common, but social support could be a buffer against mental health problems. Influences from culture barely make a difference.The study suggests campaigns to lessen stigma and raise awareness of mental health issues, stress management programmes, financial aid efforts, guidelines for safe technology use, and the encouragement of social support networks among students. Pakistani universities may greatly improve their students' overall wellbeing and academic achievement by giving mental health education and assistance a high priority.

EXPLORING THE RELATION BETWEEN LEARNING STYLES AND WRITING COMPETENCE OF PAKISTANI ESL LEARNERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INSTRUCTION AND ASSESSMENT"

Samiya Taskeen — 2023-06-29

Dr. Waqasia Naeem — 2023-06-29

EXPLORATION OF PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN THE RELIGIOUS SPEECHES OF CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC SCHOLARS

Muhammad Alamgir — 2023-06-29

Tahira shabbir — 2023-06-29

The world is quickly transitioning towards a digital environment, and digital technologies have been embedded in most popular cultures in an irreversible manner. Every company is doing all it can to maintain its position in the online race. These technologies provide everyone the ability to succeed at their highest possible level in their respective fields, particularly education. As a result, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence that being literate in digital technologies has on the academic performance of students who are enrolled in higher education in Pakistan. The goals of this study were to determine the students' perceived level of digital literacy; determine the relationship between digital literacy and academic performance; determine students' levels of communication and research skills; determine students' levels of confidence; determine barriers to learning and practices of digital literacy; and determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the perceptions of students regarding digital literacy based on gender and university sector. The findings of the correlation showed that digital literacy had a substantial influence on the studaents' communication skills (r = 0.305), research skills (r = 0.624), and confidence (r = 0.238), but it had no effect on the students' cumulative grade point average (r = 0-.15). In addition, when gender and university sector were considered separately, it was found that there was no discernible variation in the students' opinions of the importance of digital literacy aspects. The furture researchers can use this method for their researches as well.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICING TEACHERS ON THEIR WORKPLACE IN PUNJAB

Dr. Muhammad Idrees — 2023-06-29

It is fact that mostly teachers are well aware regarding their course and an effective pedagogical technique, but if they consider it as compellation to adapt their instruction for a new technology, resultantly they are more possible to repel this change entirely. Therefore, a study to diagnose the prevailing situation regarding use of information and communication technology in the Punjab was conducted. Main findings of the study were: i) female teachers have better practices towards use technological innovations as compared to the male teachers, ii) SSE teachers have better practices towards use technological innovations as compared to the SST teachers, iii) there was insignificant difference (Sig. =.315) amongst the dissimilar professional qualification of male teachers on their beliefs to use technological innovations, and there was also insignificant dissimilarity (Sig. =.287) amongst the various professional qualification of female teachers on their beliefs to use technological innovations. Findings of the study clarified that newly appointed teachers i.e. SSE have better beliefs regarding technological innovations as compared to SST, therefore, training institutes i.e. QAEDs should arrange refresher training for old teachers to enhance their IT skills for better teaching learning process. Furthermore, the policy makers may suggest training courses for teachers regarding proper utilization of technological innovations during teaching learning process.

INVESTIGATING THE ENGLISH GRAMMAR LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AMONG ELEMENTARY-LEVEL STUDENTS

Rahat Irfan — 2023-06-29

A COMPARATIVE AND RESEARCH STUDY OF THE SELECTED MODERN JURISPRUDENTIAL ISSUES IN THE LIGHT OF SELECTIVE URDU TAFASEER

Surraya — 2023-06-29

RESURGENCE OF MINIATURE IN PAKISTAN

Sadia Asghar — 2023-06-29

In this research the researcher explores about Neo miniature, this term of miniature now spread in Pakistan. The origins of " neo-miniature " refer to a contemporary art movement that combines traditional techniques of miniature painting with contemporary themes, styles and subject matter. It is a reinterpretation and evolution of a traditional miniature art form with a long history in various cultures including Persia, India and the Mughals. Neominiature artists draw inspiration from the rich heritage of miniature painting, but infuse their work with contemporary elements, stories and aesthetics. They often deal with social, cultural, political and personal issues and deal with issues relevant to the modern world. This art movement became popular in his late twentieth century and continues to evolve today. It provides artists with a platform to experiment with new materials, techniques and concepts while preserving the intricate detail and meticulous craftsmanship of miniature art. The advent of neo-miniatures has allowed artists to bridge the gap between tradition and innovation, creating a unique fusion that appeals to both traditional and contemporary art lovers.

Muhammad Maaroof Iqbal — 2023-06-29

INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF LEARNING ENGLISH AS A SUBJECT AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL

Saif Ur Rehman — 2023-06-29

CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN THE HOLY QURAN: AN ANALYSIS

Sayyed Shakeel ur Rahman — 2023-06-29

SOCIOLINGUISTIC IMPLICATIONS OF ONLINE EFL LEARNING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF LANGUAGE USE AND INTERACTION IN TEACHER EDUCATION

Maida Maqsood — 2023-06-29

This empirical study delves into the sociolinguistic implications of online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, with a particular focus on the language use and interaction dynamics in teacher education. To conduct this investigation, qualitative research methods were employed, encompassing semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of EFL learners and the observation and analysis of real-time language interactions within virtual lessons. The results of the study shed light on the multifaceted language practices of online EFL learners, influenced by factors such as the virtual environment, language proficiency levels, and teacher-student interactions. Instances of code-switching, language negotiation, and emerging language norms emerged within the digital language learning context. The study underscores the significance of technology-enhanced language learning in shaping sociolinguistic dynamics and highlights the need to cultivate a supportive virtual classroom environment that encourages effective language communication and embraces linguistic diversity. By contributing valuable insights into the implications of technology integration in EFL education, this research offers meaningful guidance to educators and policymakers seeking to optimize language learning experiences in online settings.

UNVEILING HOMELESSNESS AND NOSTALGIA IN THE ISLAND OF MISSING TREES: A POSTCOLONIAL STUDY

Saira Irshad — 2023-06-29

EFFECTS OF CHATGPT INTEGRATION AS AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOL FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL

Syed Ghazanfer Abbas — 2023-05-14

The purpose of this project is to investigate the outcomes of using ChatGPT as an AI tool for university-level instruction and research. The three specific goals of this study are to: (1) To determine the level of awareness and familiarity of ChatGPT among university students and faculty members; (2) To assess the perceived benefits and drawbacks of using ChatGPT as an artificial intelligence tool for educational and research activities; and (3) To investigate the willingness of students and faculty to use ChatGPT in this capacity. This study used a self-administered questionnaire and an exploratory survey approach. 200 university students and faculty members made up the sample; they were chosen using convenience sampling. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and content analysis, and the questionnaire included both closed-ended and open-ended items. According to the results, the majority of respondents were aware of and familiar with ChatGPT as an AI tool to varying degrees. Additionally, the respondents perceived ChatGPT as a useful and easy-to-use tool for enhancing teaching and research. Furthermore, the results indicated that ChatGPT integration had a positive impact on the quality of education and research outcomes. The study concludes that integrating ChatGPT as an AI tool can enhance the quality of education and research outcomes at the university level. The results suggest that universities should consider integrating ChatGPT into their educational and research programs to enhance the learning and research experiences of their students and faculty.

Samarah Nazar — 2023-06-29

The aim of the study is to draw a comparison of selected novels by British-American author Ahmed Salman Rushdie by doing narrative and semantic analysis. 'Languages of Truth' is a compilation of Salman Rushdie's essays and speeches delivered during the course of his career. 'Imaginary Homelands' is an anthology of essays and critical analysis. The purpose of this analysis is also to assess the merits and shortcomings of the book, as well as its semantic network of 'Imaginary Homelands' and 'languages of truth'. The article also provides details how to place 'Imaginary Homelands' within the broader framework of its subject area, contrasting it with 'Languages of truth' and noting its contributions to the field. The qualitative approach taken here sheds light on several facets of both "Imaginary Homelands" and "Languages of Truth," as the title of this study suggests. Metaphor, narrative structure, textual register, and organizational system are only few of the areas where the two writings are compared and contrasted. This study also elaborates the commonalities, both "Languages of Truth" and "Imaginary Homelands", share in their focus on language and identity, as well as their use of cultural study, literary criticism, and introspective writing. The study identifies the reasons Rushdie's books have captivated readers all over the world.

BRIDGING THE GAP: CPEC ON REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY STRENGTHENING BONDS IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

Adiba Tahir Gill — 2023-06-29

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has emerged as a significant initiative aimed at strengthening regional connectivity and fostering bonds between Central Asia, the Middle East, and beyond. CPEC is a flagship project of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and encompasses a vast network of infrastructure development projects, including transportation networks, energy pipelines, and industrial zones. This abstract explores the role of CPEC in bridging the gap between countries in Central Asia and the Middle East, and its potential to enhance regional cooperation and economic integration. CPEC's strategic location, connecting the Arabian Sea to China's northwestern region via Pakistan, has the potential to significantly reduce transportation costs and time for trade between the participating countries. This infrastructure connectivity is expected to boost economic activities, attract foreign investment, and facilitate the movement of goods, services, and people across the region.The corridor aims to establish energy pipelines and projects to alleviate energy shortages, promote renewable energy sources, and enhance energy security in the region. This energy cooperation is crucial for sustaining economic growth and development, as well as addressing the energy demands of participating nations. CPEC has the potential to facilitate cultural and people-to-people exchanges between Central Asia, the Middle East, and China. Increased connectivity and improved transportation networks can lead to enhanced tourism, educational exchanges, and cultural understanding, fostering closer ties among the nations involved. CPEC has the potential to serve as a catalyst for regional connectivity, economic growth, and closer ties between Central Asia, the Middle East, and China. By addressing the challenges and leveraging the opportunities presented by CPEC, participating countries can strengthen bonds, promote peace and stability, and unlock the full potential of the region's resources and human capital.

THE ASTOUNDING CONSISTENCY OF THE CALCULATION METHOD FOR THE CIRCUMFERENCE BETWEEN ANCIENT EGYPT AND ANCIENT CHINA

Tian Bin — 2023-06-29

The value of ? was 3, which had been well documented in ancient classics and archaeological discoveries, including the Old Testament, ancient Egypt archaeology and ancient Chinese mathematical literature. The majority argues that this can be attributed to undeveloped, imprecise ancient mathematics, while the impeccable pyramids, withstanding 4 millennia, and the Dujiangyan, the large-scale project for irrigation and flood control, constructed around 256BC, still in use today, indicate that ancient mathematics thousands of years ago, was able to achieve accurate calculation. Nevertheless, this raises several questions, how to achieve accurate calculation when the value of ? is 3? Is it possible that there is a huge difference between the ancient method of calculation and the method used in contemporary times? Based on extensive exploration of the Chinese mathematical classic Zhoubi Suanjing, multiplication table, and ancient Egyptian multiplication discovered in ancient Egypt archaeology, researchers have found the precise calculation method for computing the circumference of circles as ? equals 3. Firstly, calculating the main value of the circumference when ? was 3, then computing the difference value of the circumference by the multiples "7, 8 and 9" and the accurate value of circumference of circles obtained with the combinations of the main value and the D value, which exhibits a high degree of precision that is no less than that of our current mathematical methodologies. This discovery, promoting more a profound understanding level of human civilization, not only fundamentally, originally facilitates the studies of ancient and modern mathematics but also serves as mathematical grounds for multiple fields research, including archaeology, history and theology.

THE ENIGMATIC POWER OF 142857 IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS

Tian Bin — 2023-06-29

Ever since the enigmatic number 142857 was unearthed within the archaeological context of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, it has captivated the attention of mathematicians and scientists worldwide. Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to establish a direct or indirect connection between this number and the pyramids, yet no conclusive research findings have emerged thus far. Nevertheless, based on the continuous research of ancient civilizations, characters, and masterpieces, the calculation method of the line segment and the relationship between polygons and numbers are discovered in the exploration of polygons, right triangles, multiplication tables, and the mathematical constant ?. These discoveries have unveiled a fascinating string of numbers that can potentially reveal that ancient Egyptian pyramids were designed and constructed using the mathematical approach rooted in the application of isosceles right triangles, with "5" and "7" as representative values, rather than simply representing the cyclic meaning. Furthermore, they have illuminated the profound wisdom possessed by the ancient Egyptians, affirming that the pyramids stand as a testament to the advanced development of ancient mathematics. This discovery not only represents a cognitive advancement in the study of ancient Egyptian archaeology and history but also holds immense importance in the broader realm of ancient mathematics and its impact on the development of modern mathematics.

Lt. Col. (R) Dr. Muhammad Shahab-ud-Din Shah — 2023-06-29

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TASK-BASED TEACHING IN IMPROVING LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AMONG SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS

Imtiaz Ali — 2023-06-29

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) works to improve students' ability to communicate in a second language. TBLT focuses on authentic communication and cultural relevance through the utilization of relevant exercises for language acquisition. This research examines the effects of TBLT on the proficiency, communication skills, and task authenticity of L2 students in comparison to more traditional approaches. The review is based on the work of scholars including Prabhu, Nunan, Long, and Krashen, who created foundational ideas such as task authenticity, learner-centeredness, and cooperation. Multiple studies are analyzed to determine how TBLT affects one's linguistic competence. Through metaphors, anaphors, and symbolism, TBLT is presented to students as a symphony of language, a garden where language flourishes, and a compass that leads to fluency. According to the results, TBLT benefits language learners by encouraging participation, independence, and cross-cultural awareness. Teachers should design authentic activities, promote interactive classrooms, encourage students to offer and receive feedback and rethink how language is evaluated. Ultimately, TBLT emerges as a transformative strategy that improves language learners' skills, self-assurance, and cross-cultural perspectives, influencing new, more fruitful paradigms in language instruction.

MUSIC EDUCATION IN LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Ajab Ali Lashari — 2023-06-29

Music education has been considered an essential broader discipline for centuries for educating the world on broader lessons and teaching with the help of rhythm and sounds. Music has been considered an important genre that represents emotions, feelings, and thoughts in a rhythm that can be considered well for the holistic development of children but has been ignored in the teaching and learning process. Music education has been an ignored subject to apply in education for healthy learning. The study has been designed to critically review the related literature to understand the role of music education holistic development of individuals, particularly language development. A comprehensive educational program that promotes students' holistic learning and development must include music instruction as a critical element for the cognitive learning of individuals.

The paper uses secondary data for the analysis. In this regard, literature has been reviewed to understand the subject matter better. This paper gives detailed account advantages of music instruction, from social and cultural enrichment to the cognitive, linguistic, and emotional development of individuals. This study emphasises the value of including music education in the larger educational framework by examining numerous research studies and practical examples. The literature review suggests a dire need to implement music education for the holistic development of individuals in today's world.

OBJECTIFICATION AND MALTREATMENT OF FEMALES DURING THE PARTITION ERA IN CRACKING INDIA (1988) BY BAPSI SIDHWA

Farah Deeba — 2023-06-29

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GHUNYAT-UL-QARI SHARAH SAHIH-UL-BUKHARI AND KASHF-UL-BARIIN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE TITLES OF THEIR BOOKS

Maaz Masood — 2023-06-29

Sahih Ul-Bukhari has the highest position and status in the books of hadiths, due to this importance, a large number of scholars paid attention to its interpretation, one of them is Maulana Abdul Khaliq Bajuri who wrote a book called "Ghunyat Ul-Qari Sharh Sahih Ul-Bukhari". In this Commentary, he has collected a lot of information which is the best guide for students of hadiths. In this article, Maulana Abdul Khaliq Bajuri's manner and style in interpreting the titles of books in the fifteenth volume of the said commentary has been discussed. This manual consists of seven points which include lexical research, terminological research, explanation of various terminological meanings, interpretation with poems and answers to objections.

ROLE OF SMART TECHNOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURE-PAVING THE WAY FOR SMART FACTORY BUILDING IN KARACHI

Humaira Nazir — 2023-05-31

The concept of "smart buildings" is used to improve efficiency in the interior and exterior of a building, and it helps in providing services to the user according to the space requirement. The goal of this study is to propose a strategy for energy-efficient smart industrial buildings in Karachi that takes into account the building envelope, low energy for cooling, and appropriate electrical appliances. The study was conducted in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, because of its status as a "hub of industrial activities." Mixed research methods, both quantitative and qualitative, have been used to gather and analyze data, evaluate outcomes, and draw conclusions. A physical questionnaire survey was used to obtain the data. A detailed survey of the two existing factories and an analysis of the architectural planning of one factory building were carried out. In addition, Autodesk Revit was used for simulating the data and analyze the use of energy efficiently with operative temperature for thermal comfort. Findings from surveys and interviews indicated that the lack of efficient indoor environmental quality, lack of natural ventilation, inappropriate use of materials, and insufficient space planning resulted not only in suffocation and chronic illness in enclosed spaces like packaging and production areas but also increased energy consumption. Concluding, factory space is not a space designed for machines, but human needs and comfort should be considered in designing a factory. Smart building is a new norm that is being adopted for many building types around the globe, and results of simulation indicated that smart building guarantees minimum use of energy for cooling and maintaining a comfortable indoor environment for the user.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE UNIQUE STONE TOILET TRAYS: INDO-SCYTHIAN PERIOD SIRKAP, TAXILA

Jan Muhammad — 2023-06-29

This research paper examines the significance of the Indo-Scythian period toilet trays from Sirkap, Taxila, and sheds light on their cultural, religious, social, and technological implications in Gandhara. The study explores the historical context and the archaeological evidence surrounding these artifacts, providing a comprehensive analysis of their shapes, design, materials, and purpose. Additionally, it seeks to understand the intercultural exchange and influences that shaped the development of these artifacts.The Indo-Scythian period, marked by cultural and artistic integration, holds significant historical importance in Gandhara and the Indian subcontinent. Among the archaeological finds from this era, the discovery of toilet trays in the ancient city of Sirkap, Taxila, stands out as a unique and fascinating aspect of routine life during that time. The research draws on the combinationof archaeological data, scholarly sources, and comparative studies to present a complete picture of the significance of the Indo-Scythian toilet trays. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of daily life, technical achievements, and cultural interactions during this historically rich period in the region.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ANWAR SAJJAD'SNOVEL "KHUSHION KA BAGH"

Nisar Ali — 2023-06-20

Anwar Sajjad has derived the content of the novel "Khushion ka Bagh" from his own life and a period of political upheaval in Pakistan. This history provides a backdrop to this novel. But this novel is also an expression of universal truths which are disappearing from the society. And the whole society is on the verge of a deep chaos. Anwar Sajjad is a medical doctor by profession, so he presents the facts of the ground realities with full enthusiasm . He is also a painter and TVartist. His influence is seen everywhere in his novel.

Zakir Ullah — 2023-05-20

DECODING CONFESSIONAL POETRY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED POEMS OF SYLVIA PLATH AND KAMALA DAS

Preeti Tushar Joshi — 2023-05-12

The twentieth century was marked by a significant increase in creative expression in literature, particularly in the voices of marginalized communities through various literary forms. Female authors have played a major role in portraying the challenges and difficulties they have faced throughout their existence with remarkable prominence. One of the emerging avenues for expressing suppressed emotions was confessional poetry, characterized by intimate themes, first-person narratives, an autobiographical tone, and skilled craftsmanship. The present research aims to examine selected confessional poems of two highly acclaimed poets, Sylvia Plath from America and Kamala Das from India, who share a common narrative conveyed through their confessional verses. The poems extensively explore themes of subjugation, mental anguish, and the spirit of rebellion against prevailing dominations. The paper is divided into four distinctive sections, which include an introductory overview of the selected poets, a comprehensive scrutiny of confessional poems, an application of the analysis to the chosen poems, and a conclusive summary. An observation made throughout this study is the prevalent exploitation of women in both Western and Eastern societies. Sylvia Plath's "Daddy" reveals her fraught relationship with her father, while Kamala Das' "Sunshine Cat" delves into her sense of suffocation in a male-dominated society.

ECHOES FROM THE DUST: REVIVINGTHE NEGLECTED HERITAGE OF DISTRICT DIR LOWER KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Osama Jan — 2023-05-12

Within the realm of heritage, a multitude of aspects come to light. Among these, Archaeological sites emerge as distinct repositories of cultural and historical importance, serving as windows into the fascinating stories of past societies and civilizations. Archaeologists and stakeholders globally embark on endeavors to excavate, study, and preserve these invaluable sites, aiming to enrich our understanding of the past and safeguard cultural heritage for posterity. Among this global pursuit, the region of District Dir Lower emerges as a unique cradle of historical heritage, hidden in mysterious whispers from centuries past, nestled within the majestic landscape of Pakistan, District Dir Lower stands as a testament to the passage of time, encompassing a diverse and rich history spanning prehistoric, protohistoric, and historic periods. A nexus of the renowned Gandhara Civilization, this region holds traces of Alexander the Great historical conquests, ancient Buddhist and Hindu relics, bearing witness to a fascinating tapestry of history. Despite its illustrious past, District Dir Lower faces the poignant reality of neglect, obscuring its priceless archaeological legacy. This paper embarks on exploration of neglected archaeological treasures, seeking to unveil the factors behind their neglect. Through interviews and observations, this paper unravels the challenges these sites face including lack of funding, limited awareness, and bureaucratic hurdles. This research echoes a call to action, urging collaboration to revive these forgotten echoes of time and safeguard our cultural heritage.

RETROSTERNAL GOITER AND SURGICAL APPROACHES- PESHAWAR EXPERIENCE OF 144 CASES

Abdul Baseer — 2023-05-12

Background:

A typical reason for the compression of nearby structures, retrosternal goitre may also include malignancy. Compression of nearby structures, avoiding future consequences, and getting a diagnosis is only a few of the precise reasons why resection is necessary.

Objective:

To observe the various clinical presentations of retrosternal goiter and evaluate their management and outcome.

Methodology:

Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical records of 144 patients with retrosternal goitre who had surgical treatment during a 12-year period (2002-2014). To analyse the clinical presentation, surgical procedures, histology of specimens, and surgical result, records were thoroughly examined.

Results:

Dyspnea was the most frequent presenting symptom (39.6%), and complete thyroidectomy was the surgical method of choice. In 90.97% of the instances, the RSGs were only removed via a collar incision. 26.38% of the thyroid specimens had malignancy identified by histology. Ten individuals had difficulties, and there were two fatalities.

Conclusion:

Retrosternal goiters can be delivered through the cervical approach, but where delivery is difficult it can be aided by a mediastinotomy thereby avoiding splitting the sternum.

Asma Mehmood — 2023-05-10

Shafeeqa Qazi — 2023-05-15

The rule of Mian Gul Abdul Wadood Bacha Sahib in Swat began in 1917. After Mian Gul Abdul Wadood Bacha Sahib got the government, he adopted Jirga System[i]. According to this system, the Jirga was responsible for making laws for the area that would have been included in the state of Swat either by choice or force. The laws made by Jirga members for their area were written down and signatures or thumb marks of Jirga members were recorded on them. These were called the "manuals" (Dastoor-ul- Amal). In future, all the decisions related to any matter or crime was carried out through these manuals. Hence, it was the Jirga that used to formulate laws for their areas. However, prevailing local customs and traditions would also be taken into consideration for making any law. Therefore, these laws were not uniform throughout the state, rather regional color prevailed.

When Bacha Sahib's hold on the government was strengthened, he started issuing orders on his own and instructed the respective Jirgas to make them part of their own manual. When Bacha Sahib transferred the government to his son Mian Gul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb Wali Swat, like his father, he also issued written orders that were kept on record, in order to be practiced accordingly.

The state of Swat was integrated into Pakistan as a district in 1969. The government of that time directed the Jirgas to settle disputes according to the local customs. So for the guidance of Jirgas, Ghulam Habib Khan compiled these laws in the book form, which was published with the name of "Riwaj Nam? Swat ". This article examines the Shariah status of decrees related to "Mortgage" in "Riwaj Nam? Swat, which are eleven decrees in total, starting from Decree No. 238 to Decree No. 248.

RUSSIAN AGGRESSION IN UKRAINE: A RENEWED CHALLENGE TO US PIVOT IN THE REGION

Dr. Muhammad Tahir Rashid — 2023-05-12

This study delves into the multifaceted issue of Russian aggression in Ukraine and its implications for the United States' strategic pivot in the region. The objective of this study is to analyze the evolving dynamics of the conflict and their impact on the US pivot strategy. The background highlights the historical context of Russia-Ukraine relations and the broader geopolitical significance of the region. Methodology involves a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, geopolitical analyses, and recent developments. It also incorporates an examination of diplomatic efforts, military actions, and regional responses. Results indicate that Russian aggression has posed a renewed challenge to the US pivot strategy, altering the balance of power and destabilizing regional security. The study recommends a nuanced approach, emphasizing diplomatic engagement, coordinated international response, and bolstering the security of Ukraine and neighboring nations. Addressing this challenge requires a delicate balance between deterring Russian expansionism and promoting stability in the region while safeguarding broader global interests.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEACHINGS RELATED TO SEXUAL ADDICTION IN CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM

Raheela Akhtar — 2023-05-12

CRITIQUE ON ARABIC LITERATURE IN THE PRE-ISLAMIC ERA

Dr. Makkiah Nabi Bakhsh — 2023-05-12

This article presents a comprehensive critique of Arabic literature in the Pre-Islamic Era, known as "Jahiliyyah" (????????). This term was originally associated with ignorance in the sense of idiocy and pessimism. The article delves into the various features of literary criticism during this era, including levels of criticism and the titles of notable poets.

In the Pre-Islamic Era, poets were recognized by different titles reflecting their mastery of poetry and emotive expression. Critics played a significant role during this period, attracting poets seeking their judgment. Critics often expressed favoritism towards certain poems, poets, tribes, or the entire Arab community, and this preference influenced their critical judgments.

The most famous critical judgments were directed at the "Mu'allaqat" (????????), exceptional poems hung proudly on the Kaaba walls. Pre-Islamic criticism lacked fixed and written rules, relying on the critic's literary instinct and taste. It encompassed linguistic, moral, and thematic criticism.

The article explores the concept of "ijazah", where one poet completes the verse of another in a seamless manner, showcasing the depth of understanding and linguistic sensitivity of the second poet.

The article sheds light on the significance of literary criticism during the Pre-Islamic Era, its role in refining poetry, and the emergence of poets as skilled critics, contributing to the development of Arabic literature.

MEASURING THE FACTORS OF LIMITED PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH IN POLITICS OF PUNJAB (PAKISTAN)

Dr. Muhammad Waris — 2023-05-12

This research provides an overlook at political participation behavior of youth in Punjab Province of Pakistan. This paper consists of different factors that cause low youth participation in politics. The affecting factors on voting behavior and political participation include lack of interest, public issues, economic factors, senior politicians, family influence, regional affiliations and corruption of leaders. This literature is examined through the lens of seven guiding questions. Quantitative approach is used to conduct this study so a questionnaire was framed to accumulate data from more than 4200 respondents. The qualitative approach included close group discussion and interview which was conducted from university level students. This research will provide well-informed reflection of thinking of youth about low participation of youth in politics. This study portrayed the facts that age, family income, political affiliation, and other factors affected voting in national and local elections. The results viewed that participation of youth in politics is an important factor and now youth has acquired wisdom for the said purpose.

OUTCOMES OF MALADAPTIVE PERFECTIONISM AMONG STUDENTS, ROLE OF COPING STYLES

Faiqa Younas — 2023-05-12

SECURITY CHALLENGES OF SOUTH ASIA: A BRIEF ANALYSIS

Syed Haider Ali — 2023-06-10

South Asia is a home to significant portion of global population with a rich history of heritage while having a crucial role in global trade and economy. However, its geo-political significance cannot be overlooked. Despite those potentials, south Asia faces a range of security challenges, including terrorism, border disputes, political instability, and regional rivalries. These challenges have implications not only for the internal security of the countries in the region but also for global security dynamics. Therefore, this study aims to explore the main security challenges faced by South Asian region. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a comprehensive literature review of secondary sources as research articles, reviews, and books.

HYBRID WARFARE AND PAKISTAN: IMPLICATIONS AND RESPONSE STRATEGY

Waseem Ahmad — 2023-06-15

FACTORS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD IN NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES (EMPIRICAL STUDY ON NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2016-2019)

Hasani, Ainun Shafa — 2023-05-12

This study aims to examine the effect of earnings management and risk management on financial statement fraud. The independent variables tested in this study consisted of earnings management, liquidity, profitability, and solvency. Furthermore, there are exchange rates and economic growth as control variables. The population of this study is the non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2019. The total samples used are 331 companies by using the purposive sampling technique. The analytical methods used are panel data analysis, descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, model fit-test, and regression test using STATA 14. The results indicate that variables in this study simultaneously affect financial statement fraud. Partially, earnings management, profitability, and exchange rates have a positive and significant effect on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, solvency has a positive effect on financial statement fraud but it is not significant.

MARKET UNDERSTANDING ANALYSIS OF GREEN BUILDING IN INDONESIA

Hilyah Rihaanah — 2023-05-12

Eco-Friendly Buildings continue to be a global priority due to the issue of global warming. GBCI is a non-profit organization in Indonesia that assesses environmentally friendly buildings through GREENSHIP which includes six types of certifications : New Buildings, Existing Buildings, Interior Spaces, Homes, Environment, and Healthy Net Zero. This research aims to analyze the understanding of the green building market in Indonesia involving companies and end users. The methodology used is through in-depth interviews and primary surveys to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. Companies (Developers/Contractors) have quite high interest in the Green Building concept when compared to End Users. End Users are more likely to consider three main factors such as price, facilities and location when choosing an eco-friendly property.

STP MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS (SEGMENTING, TARGETING, AND POSITIONING) AND BUSINESS MODEL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORTAR COMPANY BUSINESS UNITS (CASE STUDY AT PT. XY)

Djoko Santosa, ST — 2023-05-12

This research aims to establish STP (Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning) marketing strategies in marketing AAC Panel products. This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The subject in this study is PT XY which is engaged in mortar companies and the object of research is the STP marketing strategy (Segmentiing, Targetiing and Positioning) and business model for this business. From the analysis that has been carried out, researchers concluded that the segmenting strategy carried out by PT XY is based on geographic and demographic segmentation. The geographical segmentation of the intended sector is the sector, especially the western region of Java, while the demographic segmentation is a large contractor for high rise building types. For Targeting PT XY companies are mainly large contractors and industry experts. The positioning carried out by PT XY is by applying the production of modern and latest technology, namely flat-cake (horizontal cutting). Implementation of business model by joining venture at PT XY by considering the company's internal conditions.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF COLLABORATION AND PRODUCT INNOVATION ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON MSMES IN DKI JAKARTA

Adittya Budiman — 2023-05-12

This research is about the implementation of collaboration between the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government and Micro Enterprises, Small Businesses, and Cooperatives in order to succeed the National Movement of Pride in Made in Indonesia in the Implementation of Government Procurement of Goods/Services. This is because the use of domestic products in the government sector is still very low so that economic growth is not significant from year to year. Through DKI Jakarta Governor Instruction Number 48 of 2020 which was replaced by Governor Instruction Number 29 of 2021 concerning Direct Procurement Transactions with Micro and/or Small Businesses through the e-Order System, explained that the Head of BPPBJ provides an integrated system that facilitates transactions through the e-Order system, and urges Budget Users/Power of SKPD Budget Users/SKPD Units to directly procure meal activities and minimize meetings through the e-Order system. This application system is an innovative breakthrough from BPPBJ DKI Jakarta, as a forum to bridge the activities of purchasing MSME products (as providers) with DKI Jakarta Provincial Government institutions (SKPD) and make payments to micro and/or small businesses no more than 3 (three) working days, and the Commitment Making Officials (PPK) make procurement documents in the form of Terms of Reference (KAK), Self-Estimated prices (HPS) and specifications of goods/services through Micro and/or Small Business actors registered in the e-Order system, as well as receiving the work of Micro and/or Small Business providers.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PERFORMANCE-BASED REMUNERATION SYSTEM AND THE USE OF E-GOVERNMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Rahayu,,AristikaWidi — 2023-05-12

Performance management or what is usually called by performance management in organizations, both profit organizations and non-profit organizations such as government organizations, is a tool that is expected to be used to improve performance achievements, both organizational performance and employee performance. This performance management is carried out by the government in various ways, including by implementing a performance-based remuneration system and using e-government. This research aims to Analysis of the influence of performance management through the implementation of a performance-based remuneration system and the use of e-government on employee performance. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The target population consists of more than 800 civil servants and the sample size is 300 civil servants of the South Jakarta Administrative City Government. Researchers used a structured questionnaire for data collection, and for the data analysis process researchers used statistical package for social science (SPSS). Average and standard deviation are used to describe observation results. The principles of correlation and regression analysis are followed to analyze the relationship between variables.

PENGARUH KESETARAAN GENDER DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS KERJA DENGAN DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI DIKEMENTERIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DANKEHUTANAN

Ir. Jenni Ferlina Muslim — 2023-05-12

Muhammad Ali Shahid — 2023-05-12

CALLIGRAPHY, AESTHETICS AND CULTURAL IDENTITY: QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM ILLUSTRATED MANUSCRIPTS

Sidra Ashraf — 2023-05-12

The study delves into calligraphic illustrated manuscripts with a focus on both Western and Eastern cultures during medieval times exploring the evolution and creative potential of calligraphy as an ornamentation form across different regions and historical periods. This qualitative research primarily examines calligraphic manuscripts from Arabic to the Abbasid, and Omayyad, addressing key questions regarding the development of illumination art and calligraphy, connections between Christian and Muslim manuscripts, and the distinctions between Islamic Calligraphy and biblical typography. The data was collected by employing the qualitative method through conducting 4 in-depth interviews, with 2 traditional and 2 contemporary calligraphers, and 15 online open-ended questionnaires with the calligraphers. Also, Christian and Muslim illustrated manuscripts were analyzed through the discourse analysis method. This research findings shed light on the complex relationship between calligraphy, culture, and aesthetics, offering a comprehensive exploration of this intricate art form's significance and evolution. The study contributes valuable insights to the literature on calligraphy manuscripts, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of calligraphy's history and conceptual ties as an aesthetic art form.