THE MAMLUK STATE OF SALHIA 652-658 AH / 1254-1259 AD (A HISTORICAL STUDY)

Abstract

The Salhia Mamluk state lasted from the year (652-658 AH / 1254-1259 AD) for about seven years and had a prominent impact on the scene of historical events. They are equal in rights and entitlement, and the ruling must devolve to the strongest, following the principle of ruling for the one who prevails. The importance of the research came to shed light on the motives that prompted the Mamluk princes to choose Izz al-Din Aybak, who is one of the Mamluks of Salhia and assuming the position of the Sultanate in Egypt, and they called him King al-Muizz, even though al-Muizz Aybak is from a different sect. The research dealt with talking about the historical sequence of the state since the death of Al-Salih Najm Al-Din Ayoub, and the nature of the subject necessitated dividing it into four axes: the first: Shajarat al-Durr and the handover of the reins of government, the second, the rise of al-Muizz Aibak, the Sultanate of Egypt, and the third: the fourth, the ascendancy of Sultan Qutuz, the Sultanate of Egypt. In completing it, we relied on some of the sources, the most important of which are the book of Al-Maqrizi (845 AH / 1441 AD) in his book “Al-Suluk to Know the Countries of the Kings”, and Ibn Taghri Bardi (T.: 874 AH / 1469AD) in his book The Stars in the Kings of Egypt and Cairo, as well as on the most important references Saeed Abd Al-Fattah Ashour: The Mamluk Era in Egypt and the Levant.