PROFESSIONAL-ETHICAL AWARENESS IN THE TEACHER’S LABOR ACTIVITY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Abstract

This article discusses professional-ethical components in teachers’ activities in the Russian
Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The authors single out the
components that are important for the period under study: moral and political reliability,
education and self-education methods, moral behavior, professional skills and qualities,
external professional appearance. The authors conclude that the main qualities in the studied
period were political and moral reliability, which were considered primarily. This is due to
the fact that in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries in the Russian Empire,
social thought was actively and widely developing, political clubs were created. Teachers as
intellectuals were involved in the political activity and were often under suspicion due to
unreliability. A teacher who raised doubts about political or moral reliability could be
dismissed from the educational department without the possibility of a subsequent return to
this position. Such cases are considered in this article. The article also provides an analysis
of historical sources, demonstrates examples from the paperwork of the studied period.