CONTRIBUTING FACTORS, EXPERIMENTAL MODELS AND CLINICAL TRIAL IN CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

Abstract

SARSCOV-2 causes Epidemics or pandemics in Human being starting from Wuhan, China in December 2019 that have claimed the lives of millions. The emergences of Novel strains or variants of coronavirus have a deep economic impact due to overburden of healthcare system. Thus, SARSCOV-2 infection considered as a Global health emergency. This international emergency prompts global efforts to accelerate development of vaccine or antiviral drugs. Like other coronaviruses (SARSCOV MERS), SARSCOV-2 belongs to coronavirdae family, a family of large positive RNA virus which mutates rapidly and highly pathogenic in both human and animals. SARSCOV-2 is approximately 70% identical to SARSCOV and MERS. Nevertheless, prior knowledge of coronaviruses, the research on SARSCOV-2 is still in its juvenile stage due to mutation in some genes. Since there is no effective treatment or epidemiological control available for SARSCOV-2 infections, significant efforts have been done to develop vaccines and therapeutic drugs. Several drugs such as Ramdesivir, Azithromycin, chloroquinine, lipnovir etc are repositioning of already approved drugs for treatment of SARSCOV-2 infected patient. On other hand, several SARSCOV-2 vaccines and therapeutics antibodies are under clinical trials. This is a long term process and requires thorough testing of safety. Here, we review the contributing factors in SARSCOV-2 transmission and experimental models used in study of pathogenesis and drug development for SARSCOV-2. In addition, we also discuss the clinical ongoing trials. It is hoped that this review will help in research related to drug development.