CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE FOR PROTECTION OF WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE SITES

Abstract

Governance for protection of environment, cultural and natural heritage got attention after World Heritage Convention followed by World Heritage Programme of UNESCO. The convention of protection of cultural and natural heritage requires states parties should review and reinforce governance frameworks within management systems of World Heritage properties. The protection of world cultural and natural heritage is also provided under environmental protection laws worldwide including Pakistan, which forms a nexus between environmental governance and heritage governance. In the context, this qualitative research paper aimed to analyze the state of knowledge about environmental governance of heritage sites by reviewing the global dynamics and the case of Pakistan. It attempts to explain the important aspect of governance for the protection of environment and the cultural and natural heritage considering the case of Pakistan, where environmental protection laws of two sub-national units cover such sites and other do not even, where UNESCO Heritage sites are located. It has identified that the case of Pakistan became critical after the 18^th amendment in national constitution of Pakistan.