ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF LEIBNIZ AND ALLAMEH TABATABAI'S APPROACH IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF EVIL

Abstract

Evil in the material world is one of the most difficult and stubborn problems that human beings have faced for many centuries and because of the effects that the existence of evil in the universe has on their beliefs, they have tried hard to solve it.Leibniz and Allameh Tabatabai are among the philosophers who have studied and explained this case in a partial and far-sighted way and they have considered the evil of the world much less than its goodness, so that they have considered the existence of this minimal evil as a prerequisite for achieving more and greater goodness.Therefore, comparing and analyzing the ideas and solutions of Leibniz and Allameh Tabatabai in solving the problem of evil can help us to answer many questions and doubts in this direction and acquaint with the wisdom of transcendence in the creation of the world and its creatures.In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method and with the help of reliable library sources, first the nature of evil from the perspective of Leibniz and Allameh Tabatabai is examined, then the subject is continued by presenting different types of evil and solutions to the problem of evil from the perspective of these two world famous philosophers and  finally, by comparing and analyzing the views of these two philosophers in order to better understand their views on the problem of evil, the issue ends.Leibniz and Allameh Tabatabai consider God to be a wise, knowledgeable and absolute good creator who, with his plan for all matters including the creation of worlds, created the material world in a good and different way from other worlds in such a way that the existence of evil ,at least they do not interfere in its affairs, but they are necessary for this superior and good system.