IMPLICATIONS OF SEAWEED CULTIVATION IN COASTAL AREA NUSA PENIDA BALI

Abstract

The people of Nusa Penida from the perspective of cultural history have undergone four stages of development. First, the initial pattern of life was based on a farmerfisherman culture. Second, since the 1990s the northern coastal area of Nusa Penida has grown into a center for seaweed cultivation. Third, Nusa Penida then developed rapidly as a marine tourism destination. Fourth, due to the Covid-19 pandemic which destroyed the tourism sector, the people of Nusa Penida turned to seaweed cultivation again. Planting seaweed is considered an alternative and at the same times a guarantee for the economic survival of the people of Nusa Penida. This study aims to show the implications of using Nusa Penida's comb for seaweed cultivation areas. The research approach is qualitative with a historical perspective, which is viewed from the theory of cultural ecology and the theory of social change. The main data source comes from the period 1990-2005 when seaweed cultivation was booming in Nusa Penida. Primary data collection techniques through indepth interviews and secondary data obtained through relevant literature studies. The data analysis technique was carried out through three stages: classification, reduction, and concluding. The results of data analysis are presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The research findings show that adaptation of seaweed cultivation in the coastal area of Nusa Penida has implications for local communities in economic, socio-cultural, and ecological dimensions. Besides having a positive effect, seaweed cultivation negatively impacts the physical, social, and cultural environment the positive influence is seen in efforts to conserve the coastal and hilly environment as a form of social control. From a cultural perspective, the seaweed farming community routinely carries out the ngaturang pakelem ceremony, to maintain harmony and harmony in the relationship between humans and the natural environment. The negative consequences of seaweed cultivation are environmental biophysical damage, conflicts of interest, and cultural degradation