DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE MULTICULTURAL SPACE OF EASTERN RUSSIA IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Abstract

The article considers the historical experience of school education of non-Russians of eastern Russia in the XIX century. On the basis of a wide range of sources and literature, the issues of publication of literature, especially of a religious nature, the development of a network of non-Russian schools, the role of the native language and teachers in the process of education have been studied. The use of only Russian in the schooling of the non-Russians of eastern
Russia in the 19th century excluded the possibility of forming an identity in the multicultural space of Russia, which led to an understanding of the need to use the native language in that process. In the 60th of the 19th century the ethno confessional conditions in the Volga region and Ural area formed extremely difficult - the multinational region including the territories inhabited by various Turkic and Finno-Ugric people belonging to different religious faiths. During that period for Chuvashs, Maris, Udmurts there was a threat of their otatarivaniye and assimilation. In such conditions new approach to education of "non-russians" was developed by the scientist-turcologist, the pedagogue N.I. Ilminsky. An important precondition for acceptance of a system of N.I. Ilminsky was also the need for knowledge of Russian, for growth of literacy of the population, including the non-russians caused by changed social and economic conditions of development of Russia in the 60-70th of the 19th century. Since the end of the 18th century to the 70th of the 19th century the accumulation of positive experience of missionary activity in the native language among the nations of the East, especially Middle Volga, also played an important role in the approval of the principles of N.I. Ilminsky for education of the non-russians of the East of Russia.